Selenium status of preterm infants fed human milk, preterm formula, or selenium-supplemented preterm formula

Smith, A. M.; Chan, Gary M.; Moyer‐Mileur, Laurie J.; Johnson, Carolyn; Gardner, Barry R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82058-x

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Reports showed no significant differences between preterm and term milk (Aquilio et al 1996;Ladodo et al 1997) except at 1 week (Perrone et al 1993). In addition, the Se concentrations in preterm milk reported by Campfield et al (1987), Smith et al (1991) and Sluis et al (1992) were within the range of Se reported for term milk (Table 4).…”

Section: Maternal Constitutional Factorssupporting

confidence: 79%

Selenium and breast-feeding

Dórea

2002

Br J Nutr

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The objective of the present review is to discuss Se nutrition during breast-feeding, encompassing environmental and maternal constitutional factors affecting breast-milk-Se metabolism and secretion. A literature search of Medline and Webofscience was used to retrieve and select papers dealing with Se and breast milk. Although Se in natural foods occurs only in organic form, breast milk responds to organic and inorganic Se in supplements. Inorganic Se (selenite, selenate), which is largely used in maternal supplements, is not detectable in breast milk. The mammary-gland regulating mechanism controls the synthesis and secretion of seleno-compounds throughout lactation, with a high total Se level in colostrum that decreases as lactation progresses. Se appears in breast milk as a component of specific seleno-proteins and selenoamino-acids in milk proteins that are well tolerated by breast-fed infants even in high amounts. Se in breast milk occurs as glutathione peroxidase (4 -32 % total Se) . selenocystamine . selenocystine . selenomethionine. The wide range of breast-milk Se concentrations depends on Se consumed in natural foods, which reflects the Se content of the soils where they are grown. Se prophylaxis, either through soil Se fertilization or maternal supplements, is effective in raising breast-milk Se concentration. In spite of wide variation, the median Se concentration from studies worldwide are 26, 18, 15, and 17 mg/l in colostrum (0 -5 d), transitional milk (6 -21 d), mature milk (1 -3 months) and late lactation (.5 months) respectively. Se recommendations for infants are presently not achieved in 30 % of the reported breast-milk Se concentrations; nevertheless Se status is greater in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants.

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Section: Maternal Constitutional Factorssupporting

confidence: 79%

Selenium and breast-feeding

Dórea

2002

Br J Nutr

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“…Supplementation at this level would provide 3-4 rg/kg/d, well below the conservative upper limit of 8 pg/kg/d suggested by Litov and Combs (4). In addition, these levels are similar to those reported in breast milk consumed by premature infants (10). Further research is needed to establish the optimal level of selenium fortification required to prevent the decline seen in erythrocyte SeGSHPx in the present study.…”

Section: Materials a N D Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…We (6) and others (7)(8)(9) have shown that selenium intakes during unsupplemented T P N are inadequate and can lead to low serum selenium levels. Once T P N is completed, low intakes of selenium may continue during infancy because consumption of formulas based on cow's milk unsupplemented with selenium provide only incidental selenium from the protein source (4,6,10). It has been shown that inadequate dietary selenium may lead to unrecognized problems in VLBW infants (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium Status of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

et al. 1993

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ABSTRACT. The selenium (Se) intake and status of 8 2 very low birth weight infants (birth weight 11 10 f 286 g, gestational age 29.2 f 3 wk, mean f SD) was assessed at 36.3 2 3 postconceptional wk, a t 40.1 2 4 wk (hospital discharge), and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 f 0.75 mo corrected for gestational age. Infants were fed formula containing 0.13 pmol/L (10 pg/L) Se. Se-dependent glutathione perosidase activity in red blood cells declined corresponding to low S e intakes (pg/kd/d) for the first 6 mo. With increased consumption of solid foods, intakes of dietary S e and Sedependent glutathione peroxidase activity increased a t 9 mo, suggesting that the earlier supply of S e was suboptimal. Se-dependent glutathione perosidase activity and intakes of S e were lower in males than in females ( p < 0.05).We suggest that infant formulas should probably contain 0.26-0.33 pmol/L (20-25 pg/L) Se, particularly those formulas consumed by very low birth weight infants. (Pediatr Res 34: [293][294][295][296] 1993)

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“…Selenium and riboflavin are cofactors of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, respectively, and their bioavailability could be influenced by the nutrition and therapy of the baby. For example, human milk contains more selenium than preterm formula (35) and phototherapy can decrease plasma riboflavin levels (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

et al. 1992

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ABSTRAO. The ability of erythrocytes from newborn babies and adults to maintain reduced glutathione levels during oxidative stress was studied. In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H202, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (CSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of CSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the erythrocytes of adult animals can protect other tissues, e.g. lung, against damage induced by reactive oxygen species (1). Erythrocytes can catabolize an H202 load produced by leukocytes (2) and have been shown to protect both cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (3) and the whole lung (4, 5) from oxidative damage. The action of catalase and the glutathione recycling system is believed to be the key factor in this protective mechanism (1).The preterm baby has poorly developed antioxidant enzyme systems in various organs, e.g. lung, and is susceptible to oxygeninduced tissue damage, e.g. bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6, 7). Thus, the ability of the erythrocyte to catabolize H202 may be of particular importance in these patients. The ability of the erythrocyte to handle oxidative stress induced by H202 can be assessed in vitro by serially measuring the initial fall of GSH and the concomitant rise of GSSG and the subsequent recovery of GSH and fall of GSSG to initial values. Glutathione recycling has already been used to assess the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes of adults (8) and cell cultures (9, 10). We compared glutathione recycling during exposure to H202 in erythrocytes of newborn babies and adults. The erythrocyte activities of enzymes responsible for H202 catabolism, i.e. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, were also measured. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study was approved by the Scientific Committee of the Department of Pediatrics and the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital of Leiden.Patients. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from eight preterm and nine term infants (gestational age [mean (SD)] 32.9 (2.4) and 40.2 (1.5) wk, respectively) within 15 min after delivery of the placenta. The babies were of normal birth weight (10th-90th percentile) and showed no signs of birth asphyxia (Apgar score 1 min r 9, umbilical vein pH r 7.25), respiratory distress, or infection. Their mothers, healthy Caucasian nonsmokers (3), did not receive vitamin or iron supplements. Venous blood samples were taken from 10 healthy Caucasian volunteers (age [mean (SD)] 24.9 (2.4) y), who were nonsmokers.From an additional group of 10 healthy term infants (gestational age [mean (SD) 40.6 (1.4) wk, other characteristics as above) umbilical cord blood samples were obtained to study in vitro the influence of the hematocrit on glutathione recycling.Procedure. Blood was gently withdrawn ( 1.1 -mm diameter needle) into heparinized tubes and immediately centrifuged (750 x g, 10 min). Plasma and buffy coat were discarded ...

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Selenium status of preterm infants fed human milk, preterm formula, or selenium-supplemented preterm formula

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Selenium and breast-feeding

Selenium and breast-feeding

Selenium Status of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

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