Seletividade de agrotóxicos utilizados em pomares de pêssego a adultos do predador Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract

RESUMO -A seletividade de dezesseis agrotóxicos utilizados na produção integrada e convencional de pêssego foi avaliada sobre a fase adulta de Chrysoperla externa através de bioensaios de exposição residual conduzidos em laboratório (temperatura de 25±1ºC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotofase 14 horas), utilizandose de metodologia prescrita pela "International Organization for Biological Control" (IOBC). Os agrotóxicos (% de ingrediente ativo na calda) azoxystrobina (0,016), captana (0,192), dodina (0,126), folpete (0,200), mancozebe (0,256), mancozebe + oxicloreto de cobre (0,140 + 0,096), tebuconazole (0,320), abamectina (0,002), óleo mineral 1 (2,420), óleo mineral 2 (1,920), dicloreto de paraquate (0,300) e glifosato (1,440) foram inócuos; deltametrina (0,002) foi levemente nocivo e dimetoato (0,160), fosmete (0,160) e malationa (0,240) foram nocivos a adultos de C. externa. Termos para indexação: Controle biológico, crisopídeo, agrotóxicos, Prunus persica L. SELECTIVITY OF PESTICIDES USED IN PEACH ORCHARD ON ADULTS OF Chrysoperla externa (HAGEN, 1861) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)ABSTRACT -The selectivity of sixteen pesticides used in integrated and conventional peach production was evaluated on adults of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen,1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under bioassays in laboratory conditions (temperature of 25±1ºC, relative humidity 70±10% and 14 hours photophase), using the "International Organization for Biological Control" (IOBC) methodology. The pesticides (% active ingredient) azoxystrobin (0.016), captan (0.192), dodine (0.126), pholpet (0.200), mancozeb (0.256), mancozeb + cooper oxichloride (0.140 + 0.096), tebuconazole (0.320), abamectin (0.002), mineral oil 1 (2.420), mineral oil 2 (1.920), paraquat dichloride (0.300) and gliphosate (1.440) were harmless; deltametrin (0.002) was slightly harmful and dimetoate (0.160), phosmet (0.160) and malathion (0.240), were harmful to C. externa adults.

Distinct genetic structure in populations of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) shown by genetic markers ISSR and COI gene

“…South America (Albuquerque et al 1994), due to its high predation capacity and reproductive potential, as well as its successful mass rearing in the laboratory (Freitas 2001). Also, this species can be used in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) because it is not affected by certain insecticides (Godoy et al 2004;Moura et al 2009;Castilhos et al 2011).…”

Persistence of insecticides used in peach orchards to larvae and adults of the predator Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…The insecticide lufenuron, from the benzoylurea chemical group, acts in the molting process by inhibiting chitin biosynthesis, an essential component for the formation of the new exoskeleton, and thus prevents normal metamorphosis of immature stages (TUNAZ; UYGUN, 2004). As the molting process only occur on larval stage, the evaluation of lufenuron persistence against the adult stage of C. externa was unnecessary in face of the harmlessness of this insecticide against adults (CASTILHOS et al, 2011b). Lufenuron is commonly named as an 'insect growth regulator' (IGR) insecticide, and despite being considered more ecofriendly in comparison to neurotoxic compounds, its toxicity against C. externa larvae was considered persistent (> 30 days) (Table 1).…”

“…Most of the insecticides used in peach orchards are noxious to larvae and adults of the predator C. externa in laboratorial tests (CASTILHOS et al, 2011a(CASTILHOS et al, , 2011b(CASTILHOS et al, , 2013GRÜTZMACHER et al, 2011), however, these insecticides should not be definitely excluded from Integrated Pest Management in peach orchards since diverse factors can influence the toxicity of an active ingredient to natural enemies populations in field conditions. Therefore, subsequent tests are necessary to help establish the real impacts of these insecticides against C. externa (STARK et al, 2007).…”

Seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura dos citros ao predador Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), desenvolvimento em diferentes temperaturas e diversidade de crisopídeos em propriedades com manejo intensivo e convencional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

“…A pulverização dos inseticidas foi realizada em torre de Potter regulada à pressão de 15lb/pol 2 , com a aplicação de 2 mg/cm 2 de calda, conforme metodologia sugerida pela IOBC/WPRS . (CARVALHO et al, , 2003CASTILHO et al, 2011;FERREIRA et al, 2006).…”

“…Estes resultados são compatíveis com os trabalhos de Godoy et al (2010) e Santa-Cecília, Souza e Carvalho (1997) que constataram que todos os produtos possibilitaram viabilidades médias de ovos de C. cubana acima de 96%. Outros autores estudaram outras espécies de crisopídeo e observaram que os ovos de C. externa não tiveram a viabilidade prejudicada pelos produtos aplicados sobre os adultos VELLOSO et al, 1999;COSME et al, 2009). Entretanto, Ulhôa et al (2002) e constataram que a viabilidade foi reduzida com alguns produtos testados.…”