1992
DOI: 10.1521/soco.1992.10.1.125
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Self and Health: How “Patterns” of Self-Beliefs Predict Types of Emotional and Physical Problems

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Cited by 63 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Self-discrepancy theory predicts general actual:ideal self-discrepancy (AI-failure to achieve personal ideals) to be associated with dissatisfaction with the self that can manifest as shame (e.g., Higgins, 1987), body dissatisfaction (e.g., Cash & Green, 1986), or even bulimic symptoms (e.g., Snyder, 1997). In addition, general actual: ought (other) self-discrepancy (AOO-failure to achieve others' prescriptions) is associated more with feelings of guilt and personal inadequacy (ought-societal; e.g., Snyder, 1997) or anorexic behaviors (ought-important other; e.g., Higgins, Vookles, & Tykocinski, 1992;Strauman, Vookles, Berenstein, Chaiken, & Higgins, 1991). However, more recent research has shown that the distinction between ideal and ought self-discrepancies and specific emotions is not so clear-cut, which suggests that self-discrepancies in general can produce both dejection-and agitation-related emotions and that both ideal and ought self-discrepancies are more strongly linked with dejection and shame than with anxiety and guilt (Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, & Barlow, 1998).…”
Section: Self-discrepancymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Self-discrepancy theory predicts general actual:ideal self-discrepancy (AI-failure to achieve personal ideals) to be associated with dissatisfaction with the self that can manifest as shame (e.g., Higgins, 1987), body dissatisfaction (e.g., Cash & Green, 1986), or even bulimic symptoms (e.g., Snyder, 1997). In addition, general actual: ought (other) self-discrepancy (AOO-failure to achieve others' prescriptions) is associated more with feelings of guilt and personal inadequacy (ought-societal; e.g., Snyder, 1997) or anorexic behaviors (ought-important other; e.g., Higgins, Vookles, & Tykocinski, 1992;Strauman, Vookles, Berenstein, Chaiken, & Higgins, 1991). However, more recent research has shown that the distinction between ideal and ought self-discrepancies and specific emotions is not so clear-cut, which suggests that self-discrepancies in general can produce both dejection-and agitation-related emotions and that both ideal and ought self-discrepancies are more strongly linked with dejection and shame than with anxiety and guilt (Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, & Barlow, 1998).…”
Section: Self-discrepancymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These patterns were observed even after controlling for body weight and for appearance-related self-beliefs some subjects possessed. Forston and Stanton (1992) and Higgins, Vookles, and Tykocinsky (1992) found that AI predicted body dissatisfaction and bulimic-related behaviors. Thus, both specific beliefs about one's body and self-discrepancy independent of the content of self-beliefs may be associated with BID.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other studies have applied self-discrepancy theory to understanding particular syndromes (e.g., eating disorders [Forston & Stanton, 1992;Strauman, Vookles, Berenstein, Chaiken, & Higgins, 1991] and physical health problems [Higgins, Vookles, & Tykocinski, 1992]) and the effects of life events (e.g., becoming a parent; Alexander & Higgins, 1993). These studies are not reviewed here.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%