“… [ 131 ] | 14 | Hybrid nanoparticles | Lecithin, low molecular weight chitosan, acetic acid, tween | 170.5 ± 0.087 nm | Ionic-gelation method | Gallic Acid | BALB/c mice | It demonstrates improved penetration, substantial retention, fewer side effects, and heightened efficacy against IMQ-induced psoriasis. | [ 132 ] |
| | Cholecalciferol, methoxy poly, DL-lactide, stannous octanoate, tween 80, carbopol 974P | 123.1 nm | Hot homogenization method | Vitamin D3 | Swiss albino mice | It enhances the anti-psoriatic activity of vitamin D3, resulting in an improved Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. | [ 133 ] |
| | Carbopol 974P, cholesterol, cholic acid, DL-lactide, stannous 2-ethyl hexanoate | 94.8 nm | - | Clobetasol propionate | Swiss albino mice | It exhibits improved cellular uptake, heightened skin penetration, and enhanced skin retention. |
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