Self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 1 capsids by expression of the L1 protein alone or by coexpression of the L1 and L2 capsid proteins

Abstract

Vaccinia virus vectors were used to express the major (L1) and minor (L2) capsid proteins of human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV-1) with the vaccinia virus early (p7.5K) or late (pSynth, plK) promoters. All constructs expressed the appropriate-sized HPV proteins, and both Li and L2, singly or in combination, localized to the nucleus. Capsids were purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation from nuclei

Safety and immunogenicity of BPV‐1 L1 virus‐like particles in a dose‐escalation vaccination trial in horses

“…In the early 1990s, the discovery was made that recombinant papillomavirus major capsid protein L1 spontaneously self-assembles into (Kirnbauer et al 1992;Hagensee et al 1993;Rose et al 1993). Papillomavirus-like particles are morphologically and immunologically very similar to the ordered 72 pentamer array of L1 major capsid protein that (together with 12 L2 minor capsid protein monomers) forms the outer shell of the authentic virion.…”

Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines: the beginning of the end of cervical cancer

“…They can be divided into high-and lowrisk types based on the strength of their association with cervical cancer (23) . High-risk HPV types are 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,73, and 82. Types 26, 53, and 66 are considered as probably carcinogenic and low-risk types are 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, 70, 72, and 81.…”

“…Although L1 alone is sufficient for assembly of VLPs, the coexpression of L2 (minor capsid protein) allows greater capsid production (57,58) . When overexpressed in mammalian, insect, yeast, or bacterial cells, the papillomavirus major capsid protein L1 spontaneously assembles to form these VLPs (57,(59)(60)(61)(62)(63) . The VLP mimic the natural structure of the virion and is immunogenic.…”

Vaccinia Virus Recombinants: Expression Vectors and Potential Vaccines

“…Other virus-like particles have also been generated by vaccinia recombinants. These include HIV-2, [100], human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 [101] and HPV-1 [102]. The requirements for transport and processing as well as interaction between the molecules can all be analysed using sitedirected mutagenesis of the expressed genes.…”