Dynamic covalent exchange cascades with cellular thiols are of interest to deliver
substrates to the cytosol and to inhibit the entry of viruses. The best transporters and
inhibitors known today are cyclic cascade exchangers (CAXs), producing a new exchanger
with every exchange, mostly cyclic oligochalcogenides, particularly disulfides. The
objective of this study was to expand the dynamic covalent chalcogen exchange cascades
in thiol-mediated uptake by inserting pnictogen relays. A family of pnictogen-expanded
cyclic disulfides covering As(III), Sb(III), and Bi(III) is introduced. Their ability to
inhibit thiol-mediated cytosolic delivery is explored with fluorescently labeled CAXs as
transporters. The promise of inhibiting viral entry is assessed with SARS-CoV-2
lentiviral vectors. Oxygen-bridged seven-membered 1,3,2-dithiabismepane rings are
identified as privileged scaffolds. The same holds for six-membered 1,3,2-dithiarsinane
rings made from asparagusic acid and
para
-aminophenylarsine oxide,
which are inactive or toxic when used alone. These chemically complementary Bi(III) and
As(III) cascade exchangers inhibit both thiol-mediated cytosolic delivery and SARS-CoV-2
lentivector uptake at concentrations of 10 μM or lower. Crystal structures,
computational models, and exchange kinetics support that lentivector entry inhibition of
the contracted dithiarsinane and the expanded dithiabismepane rings coincides with
exchange cascades that occur without the release of the pnictogen relay and benefit from
noncovalent pnictogen bonds. The identified leads open perspectives regarding drug
delivery as well as unorthodox approaches toward dynamic covalent inhibition of cellular
entry.