Self-assembly of silicon/carbon hybrids and natural graphite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Wang, Aoning; Liu, Fandong; Wang, Zhoulu; Liu, Xiang

doi:10.1039/c6ra20131h

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Mixing multiple polymers as carbon precursors is also one of the rational strategies for developing carbonaceous additives. Wang et al 84 reported a Si-C-NG composite, where NG is natural graphite, with two polymers-poly (acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene) (denoted as Si/poly(ANco-DVB)) synthesized through ball milling, spray drying, and subsequent pyrolysis (Figure 7B and 7C). Through microsuspension polymerization, nano-Si was well encapsulated in chemically cross-linked poly(AN-co-DVB) microspheres, which could effectively restrict the agglomeration of Si and strengthen the bonding between Si and graphite via the conjugated carbon backbone from the pyrolysis of poly(AN-co-DVB).…”

Section: Other Polymer-derived Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The critical role of carbon in marrying silicon and graphite anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries

et al. 2019

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Increasing the energy density of conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is important for satisfying the demands of electric vehicles and advanced electronics.Silicon is considered as one of the most-promising anodes to replace the traditional graphite anode for the realization of high-energy LIBs due to its extremely high theoretical capacity, although its severe volume changes during lithiation/delithiation have led to a big challenge for practical application. In contrast, the co-utilization of Si and graphite has been well recognized as one of the preferred strategies for commercialization in the near future. In this review, we focus on different carbonaceous additives, such as carbon nanotubes, reduced graphene oxide, and pyrolyzed carbon derived from precursors such as pitch, sugars, heteroatom polymers, and so forth, which play an important role in constructing micrometersized hierarchical structures of silicon/graphite/carbon (Si/G/C) composites and tailoring the morphology and surface with good structural stability, good adhesion, high electrical conductivity, high tap density, and good interface chemistry to achieve high capacity and long cycling stability simultaneously. We first discuss the importance and challenge of the co-utilization of Si and graphite. Then, we carefully review and compare the improved effects of various types of carbonaceous materials and their associated structures on the electrochemical performance of Si/G/C composites. We also review the diverse synthesis techniques and treatment methods, which are also significant factors for optimizing Si/G/C composites. Finally, we provide a pertinent evaluation of these forms of carbon according to their suitability for commercialization. We also make far-ranging suggestions with regard to the selection of proper carbonaceous materials and the design of Si/G/C composites for further development. K E Y W O R D Scarbonaceous additives, graphite, high energy, lithium-ion batteries, silicon ---

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Section: Other Polymer-derived Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The critical role of carbon in marrying silicon and graphite anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries

et al. 2019

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“…The peaks at 2 θ = 26.5° and 54.5° of EG correspond to lattice planes of (002) and (004), respectively. The peak at 54.5° is ascribed to the incomplete oxidation of the graphite basal plane, 32 whereas the peak at 2 θ = 26.5° corresponds to the lattice plane (002). This may be due to the presence of GNSs sidewall in EG stack.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-different ways of synthesis for EG: Study of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of epoxy composite for TIMs

Nayak

Mishra

Pradhan

et al. 2020

High Performance Polymers

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The current study reports the synthesis of expanded graphite (EG) in two different ways and its fabrication with epoxy matrix to form composite at various filler fractions (5, 10, 12.5). One type EG (EG-C) is prepared by the electrochemical process using natural graphite flake (NGF), concentrated sulfuric acid, and ammonium persulfate, while the other (EG-P) is just mixing and heating of NGF with zinc nitrate hexahydrate. The functional groups of synthesized EG were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology and microstructure of synthesized filler (EG-C, EG-P) were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. An optimum through-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of 2.04 and 2.22 W/mK was observed in the case of the composites containing 12.5 wt% of EG-C and EG-P, respectively. The obtained experimental TC was compared with three numerical thermal models, that is, inverse rule of mixture, Maxwell–Eucken model, and Agari model. Furthermore, the thermal stability of both composites was compared by using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The electrical resistivity of EG-P/epoxy composite at different formulations was higher than the EG-C-filled epoxy composites.

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“…The peak at 44.2° represents NGF and peak at 54.5° may be due to the incomplete oxidation of the graphitic basal plane. 17 The interlayer distance between graphitic layers can be calculated by Bragg’s relation: nλ = 2 d sin θ , where λ is X-ray wavelength of 0.154 nm, d is inter planer spacing, and θ is Bragg’s angle. Corresponding to the strong diffraction peak at 26.6°, the “ d ” planner spacing of graphitic layers or graphene nanosheets is found to be 0.336 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new way synthesis of expanded graphite as a thermal filler to enhance the thermal conductivity of DGEBA resin as thermal interface material

Nayak

Mohanty

2019

High Performance Polymers

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In this work, a facile two-step method for the synthesis of highly thermal conductive expanded graphite (EG) was proposed. A binary component system of ammonium persulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid was prepared for the synthesis of EG from natural graphite flakes in which the former one acted as an oxidizing agent and the latter one used as an intercalating agent. Further, the silane functionalization of EG (mEG) was purposefully completed, as confirmed from the X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Epoxy-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) were fabricated with reinforcing EG and mEG by stir-casting method at different filler fraction. The guarded heat flow meter method indicated that the enhancement in thermal conductivity (TC) was 12.12-fold at 10 wt% loading of mEG (mEG10-Ep) than neat epoxy. The binding strength of mEG10-Ep composite tuned to 6.18 ± 0.8 MPa and determined by a single lap shear test, which confirms better reinforcing effect of silane functionalized EG than neat EG counterpart. The same was also corroborated from porosity evaluation of the composite system. At 50% weight loss in nitrogen atmosphere, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the composite was stable up to 430°C. Dynamic mechanical analysis was engaged to estimate the glass transition temperature ( T g) of the epoxy composite system, which validates its prospective application as preferred TIMs in the electroactive device. The electrical conductivity of composite was deteriorated due to the encapsulation of EG with nonconductive silane functional groups. The uniform dispersion was achieved by mEG-filled composite as compared to its EG counterpart, which was visualized from fracture surface through scanning electron microscopy.

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Self-assembly of silicon/carbon hybrids and natural graphite as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: Si–C–NG composites exhibit a high specific capacity, a high initial coulombic efficiency, and a good cycling stability with capacity retention after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1.

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

The critical role of carbon in marrying silicon and graphite anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries

The critical role of carbon in marrying silicon and graphite anodes for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries

Two-different ways of synthesis for EG: Study of mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of epoxy composite for TIMs

A new way synthesis of expanded graphite as a thermal filler to enhance the thermal conductivity of DGEBA resin as thermal interface material

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