Self‐assembly properties of ultra‐long‐chain gemini surfactant with high performance in a fracturing fluid application

Yang, Chunpeng; Hu, Zhiyuan; Zhang, Song; Bai, Jing; Zhang, Yuan; Luo, Jiaqing; Du, Yongxin; Jiang, Qi

doi:10.1002/app.44602

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Herein, the surface tension at CMC is recorded as γCMC. The CMC and γCMC of JS-N-JS were 28.84 µmol/L and 33.12 mN/m respectively, while the other property parameters including the surface excess concentration ( Γ max ) and the minimum area per surfactant molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface ( A min ) can be calculated through Equations (1) and (2) [39]:sans-serifΓ=−12.303nRT(dγdlog10C)T,P Amin=1NAΓmax where R is 8.314 J·mol −1 ·K −1 , T is the solution temperature (K), C is the surfactant concentration (mol/L), the value of n was set to 3 in aqueous solution by investigators [41], and N A is Avogadro’s number (6.02 × 10 23 mol −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the Gemini surfactants own superior properties compared to single-tailed surfactants, such as higher surface activity, lower CMC, contrasting self-assembly behavior and better rheological behaviors. In 2017, a Gemini surfactant of C25-6-C25 (Scheme 1) synthesized by Yang et al exhibited good performance when applied to hydraulic fracturing fluid [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of a Novel Gemini Viscoelastic Surfactant with High Performance in Clean Fracturing Fluid Application

et al. 2018

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Gemini surfactant, as a functionally flexible polymer-like material in the aqueous solution, has attracted increased attention in reservoir stimulation of hydraulic fracturing in recent decades. A new Gemini cationic viscoelastic surfactant named JS-N-JS, which has a secondary amine spacer group and two ultra-long hydrophobic tails, was synthesized from erucamidopropyl dimethylamine, diethanolamine, and thionyl chloride as a thickener for hydraulic fracturing fluid. Compared with some Gemini cationic surfactant with methylene spacer, JS-N-JS showed a lower critical micellar concentration (CMC) and higher surface activity due to the hydrogen bond formed between the secondary amine and water molecule intends to reduce electrostatic repulsion, which is more beneficial to be the fracturing fluid thickener. Moreover, the performance of JS-N-JS solution can be further improved by salts of potassium chloride (KCl) or sodium salicylate (NaSal), while organic salt behaved better according to the measurements. The SEM observation confirmed that JS-N-JS/NaSal system owned a tighter network microstructure, and JS-N-JS/NaSal system exhibited a distinct superior viscoelasticity system at a sweep frequency of 0.1–10 Hz. As a fracturing fluid, the solution with a formula of 30 mmol JS-N-JS and 100 mmol NaSal was evaluated according to the petroleum industrial standard and presented excellent viscoelastic properties, the viscosity of which can maintain above 70 mPa·s for 110 min under a shear rate of 170 s−1 at 120 °C. Meanwhile, the drag reducing rate of the formula could reach above 70% with the increase of shear rate. Finally, the viscous fracturing fluid can be broken into the water-like fluid in 1.2 h after being fully exposed to hydrocarbons and the water-like fluid presented a low damage to the tight sand reservoirs according to the core flooding experiments, in which the permeability recovery rate can reach 85.05%. These results fully demonstrate that the JS-N-JS solution fully meets the requirement of the industrial application of hydraulic fracturing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a Novel Gemini Viscoelastic Surfactant with High Performance in Clean Fracturing Fluid Application

et al. 2018

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“…To illustrate the superiority of the surface activity of SDA‐GS, the surface activity property parameters of erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl sulfobetaine (EDAS) (Scheme ) and C 25 ‐6‐C 25 (Scheme ) are also listed in Table for comparison (Chu et al, ; Yang et al, ). It can be seen from the results in Table that the SDA‐GS surfactant performed better.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where R is 8.314 J mol −1 K −1 , T is the solution temperature (K), C is the surfactant concentration (mol L −1 ), the value of n was set to 3 in aqueous solution by investigators (Lu et al, 2012), and N A is Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10 23 mol −1 ). To illustrate the superiority of the surface activity of SDA-GS, the surface activity property parameters of erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl sulfobetaine (EDAS) (Scheme 3) and C 25 -6-C 25 (Scheme 4) are also listed in Table 3 for comparison (Chu et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2017). It can be seen from the results in Table 3 that the SDA-GS surfactant performed better.…”

Section: Cmc and Interface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Stimuli‐Responsive Gemini Zwitterionic Viscoelastic Surfactant for Self‐Diverting Acid

Zhang

Mao

Yang

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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A Gemini zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactant named self diverting acid ‐ gemini sulfonated surfactant (SDA‐GS), which has double quaternary ammonium groups, double sulfonate groups, and two hydrophobic tails, was synthesized from oleylamidopropyl dimethylamine, 1,3‐propanesultone, and 2, 2‐bis(bromomethyl)propane‐1, 3‐diol. The viscosity of an SDA‐GS aqueous solution varies with acid and calcium chloride concentrations. With a decrease in the HCl concentration, the viscosity of the acid solution prepared with SDA‐GS increases to a maximum value, followed by a decrease, which results from the aggregation of the surfactant into wormlike micelles and the following disaggregation. Calcium ions generated by the reaction of acid and calcium carbonate can enhance the aggregation of the surfactant to increase the peak viscosity of the acid solution. The peak viscosity of the acid solution prepared by 5 wt.% SDA‐GS without calcium ions could only reach 73.2 mPa.s when the HCl concentration was 4 wt.%, but that of the acid solution with calcium carbonate powder added could reach over 200 mPa.s when the HCl concentration was consumed to 4 wt.% and the calcium chloride concentration 21.6 wt.%. The viscoelastic measurements proved that calcium ions can drive the growth of the wormlike micelle. The acid and Ca2+ response of SDA‐GS can be applied in self‐diverting acid to improve the acid displacement in the heterogeneous reservoir. Experimental evaluation showed that the acid solution prepared by SDA‐GS and the selected corrosion inhibitor showed a good corrosion inhibition performance and a viscosity variation that makes it an efficient self‐diverting acid. The spent acid (21.6 wt.%) with 4 wt.% HCl retained high viscosity over 80 mPa.s at a 170 s−1 shearing rate and at 120°C after 90 min. The parallel core flood tests to simulate in situ application of SDA‐GS acid showed that the permeability improvement ratios (K1/K0) of the cores could reach 182.3 and 278.4 at 60 and 90°C, respectively.

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“…In recent years, there has been a search for a higher performance crosslinkers that can reduce the amount of thickener needed and increase the crosslinking strength . Dawson et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved fracturing fluid using: Organic amino boron composite crosslinker with BN covalent bond

Zhang

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In order to create an improved fracturing fluid, an organic amine boron composite crosslinker (ABC‐1) was prepared from boric acid, triethylenetetramine, ethylene glycol, and mannitol. It has no irritating smell and its synthesis is simple, making it suitable for large‐scale field applications. To illustrate the advantages of the new crosslinker, it was compared to the organic borate crosslinker prepared from boric acid, ethylene glycol, and mannitol. The sand‐carrying capacities, micronetwork structure, and rheological behaviors of fluids with these crosslinkers were investigated at 90, 100, and 110 °C. The results show that the additional BN r covalent bond in the ABC‐1 crosslinker leads to the formation of a denser network structure making it possible to reduce the amount of thickener by about 10%. The temperature resistance could also be enhanced at least 10 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47675.

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Self‐assembly properties of ultra‐long‐chain gemini surfactant with high performance in a fracturing fluid application

Cited by 40 publications

References 58 publications

Study of a Novel Gemini Viscoelastic Surfactant with High Performance in Clean Fracturing Fluid Application

Study of a Novel Gemini Viscoelastic Surfactant with High Performance in Clean Fracturing Fluid Application

Development of a Stimuli‐Responsive Gemini Zwitterionic Viscoelastic Surfactant for Self‐Diverting Acid

Improved fracturing fluid using: Organic amino boron composite crosslinker with BN covalent bond

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