Self-care practices and correlates among patients with type 2 diabetes in Eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the level and correlates of self-care practices among patients with type 2 diabetes on follow-up in two public hospitals in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cross-sectional study on adult patients with type 2 diabetes, surveying diabetes self-care practices using a 15-item Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Responses ranged from 0 to 7 days, and a composite score was computed representing the mean days of diabetes self-care practices. A generalized Poisson regression model with robust variance was used. The association between the diabetes self-care practices and correlates was examined using the incidence rate ratio with a 95% confidence level. The statistical significance was set at a p value of ⩽0.05. Results: This study included 879 patients with type 2 diabetes. The overall mean (standard deviation) diabetes self-care practices were 3.7 ± 1.1 days out of the recommended 7 days, indicating low self-care practices. After controlling for other variables, tertiary educational level (incidence rate ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.12), adequate diabetes knowledge (incidence rate ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.08), moderate (incidence rate ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.11) and high perceived self-efficacy (incidence rate ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.13) (incidence rate ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.11), high to marginal food security (incidence rate ratio = 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.24), and receiving dietary advice (incidence rate ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 1.15) were positively correlated with diabetes self-care practices. A history of hospitalization, on the other hand, was found to be inversely correlated with diabetes self-care practices (incidence rate ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.99). Conclusion: The study indicated that adherence of patients with type 2 diabetes to the recommended self-care practices was considerably low. Therefore, tailored diabetes self-management education to enhance self-efficacy and diabetes self-care practices must be in place. This can be achieved through the system or individual-based integrated intervention efforts.

The Association between Self-Care Activities and Depression in Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey Study

“…This might be partly explained by the fact that patients who experienced hospitalizations secondary to diabetes might become more conscious of the benefits of daily self-care activities to prevent further complications and hospitalizations. It is important to note, however, that other studies have found that hospitalizations are inversely correlated with self-care activities [30,31]. Furthermore, having asthma or other respiratory diseases was found to be associated with lower levels of self-care activities.…”

Poor self-care practices and contributing factors among adults with type 2 diabetes in Adama, Ethiopia

“…This is sensible because a negative attitude towards self-care weakens beliefs about the expected benefits and healthy behaviors 44 . Moreover, these findings could be attributed to a lack of formal diabetes education, which can influence attitudes toward diabetic self-care behaviors 19,45,46 .…”

Nursing care of TURP and hyperglycemia integrating symptoms management model

“…51 Patients should learn about self-care methods and approaches to handle elevated blood sugar levels while having care in the hospital. 52 Patients can significantly manage hyperglycemia after surgery by actively engaging in care. Open communication, adherence to medical advice and a proactive approach to monitoring and selfcare play vital roles in ensuring a successful recovery.…”

“…Nutritional management by considering proper nutrition can help support healing and reduce the risk of TURP complications such as long‐term hyperglycemia 51 . Patients should learn about self‐care methods and approaches to handle elevated blood sugar levels while having care in the hospital 52 . Patients can significantly manage hyperglycemia after surgery by actively engaging in care.…”