Self‐concept and facial appearance of individuals with an intellectual disability: A scoping review

Abstract

Accessible Summary• This paper looks at how self-concept is related to facial appearance.• Very little information can be found on how persons with intellectual disabilities think and feel about their own facial appearance.• In this review 19 articles on subject of self-concept in people with intellectual disabilities were included.• Results show that self-concept of individuals with intellectual disabilities is affected by the relationships they have (positively and negatively).• The perceptions of caregivers, peers and their awareness of stigma effects self-concept.• How facial appearance affects the self-concept of persons with intellectual disabilities remains unclear and should be a focus of research in future. AbstractBackground: The mental health and well-being of individuals can be positively affected by improving facial appearance through orthodontic treatment. However, research is limited on the relationship between facial appearance and self-concept of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods:This scoping review includes 19 articles and is aimed to examine the self-concept of individuals with intellectual disabilities and determine how the self-concept might be impacted by facial appearance. Furthermore, this review is exploratory in the way that an attempt was made to extract constructs that contribute to the self-concept of persons with intellectual disabilities. Results:Unfortunately, no articles were found on how individuals with intellectual disabilities think about their own facial appearance. However, the articles on selfconcept in persons with intellectual disabilities do mention some interesting facts: social comparisons lead to social stigma that can contribute negatively to the selfconcept of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Also, the ability to communicate and express oneself can contribute to one's self-esteem. Furthermore, parents/caregivers often influence the concept of oneself. Moreover, an individual's relationship with their social environment defines their self-concept. Conclusion:It is currently unknown how individuals with intellectual disabilities view their own facial appearance and whether their self-concept is influenced by their | 85 CHIEN Et al.

The 100 most‐cited papers in dentistry for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders: Bibliometric profile of scientific research

“…A total of 213 authors' keyword was identified. The most frequent keywords were oral health (9), autism (7), down syndrome (6), dental caries (6), children (6), caries (5), dental care for disabled (5), dental education (5), down's syndrome (5) and periodontal disease (5). Figure 2 present a network analysis of the co-occurrence of the keywords across the years showing the switch of patterns throughout the years.…”

“…The authors of a scoping review found no article about how individuals with intellectual disabilities perceived their appearance. 5 This gap in the literature needs to be further explored to improve the quality of life of these individuals. Since people with disabilities represent an important and growing group of individuals in the world, with almost a billion adults living with some type of disability 6,7 it is required that research and education on this topic need to grow and focus on how to prevent and combat inequalities on health access.…”

The Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…We also found that VPA negatively predicted SC in children and adolescents with IDs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The predictive effects could be explained by social comparison leading to social stigma and negative SC in adolescents with IDs (Chien et al, 2020 ).…”

A Scoping Literature Review on Compassion-Focused Therapy for Individuals with Intellectual Disability

“…The integration of individuals with ID might be hindered by their self-perception (e.g., selfconcept) [9]. Shame, for instance, is a commonly reported experience, which is characterized by feeling inferior, worthless, devalued, or undesirable [10,11].…”