Self-concept therapy for adolescent females.

Cole, Charles W.; Oetting, E. R.; Miskimins, R. W.

doi:10.1037/h0028469

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The conclusion is that deviation from social desirability is itself "pathology," and it is an idea which has been expressed elsewhere (e.g., Heilbrun, 1964). In further support of this conclusion is the clinical truism that poor self-concepts are characteristic of disturbed individuals (e.g., Cole, Getting, & Miskimins, 1969). In summary, social desirability was present in the data testing Figure 1 but not usually in an artifactual sense.…”

Section: Social Desirability Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Structural analysis of social behavior.

Benjamin¹

1974

Psychological Review

994

640

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A brief review of the literature on structural analysis of interpersonal behavior is followed by a proposal which draws heavily from prior models, especially those of Schaefer and of Leary. The proposed model goes beyond previous ones in that it has a highly explicit structure which defines behavioral opposites, complements, and antidotes. Built on two axes named affiliation and interdependence, the model describes dyadic social interactions in terms of complementary proportions of those underlying dimensions. Opposite behaviors appear at 180° angles whereas complementary behaviors appear at topologically similar positions on two separate planes. Antidotes are defined as opposites of complements. Using the questionnaire method, the proposed structure has been tested by the responses of normal as well as psychiatric subjects. Analysis of these data by the techniques of autocorrelation, circumplex analysis, and factor analysis supports the model.The assumption that behavior is orderly and lawful is the basis of scientific psychology. If the assumption is valid, then it should be possible to develop a model for predicting which particular behaviors will tend to be associated with each other. Analysis of the basic structure of social behavior is one possible approach which might be expected to yield such predictions. The need for a structural model of social behavior has been emphasized by Foa and Turner (1970):. . . there has been some reluctance to recognize that specification of psychological components is likely to be as complex in construction and as revolutionary in consequence as the notion of structure has been in nuclear physics and in genetics [p. 246].Efforts to describe the structure of social behavior can be viewed in terms of two major categories: the multidimensional approaches which include as many dimensions as are needed to meet a given mathematical criterion, and the approaches which confine the number of dimensions to two or three so that a model can be constructed in real space. The multidimensional approach is 1 Special thanks for encouragement and help with the development of this paper go to Marjorie H. Klein and James Greenley; the editors of Psychological Review also made helpful contributions to the final version.2 Requests for reprints should be sent to Lorna

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Section: Social Desirability Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Structural analysis of social behavior.

Benjamin¹

1974

Psychological Review

994

640

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“…The strongest evidence for paraprofessionals' effectiveness derives from studies of college students and adults with specific target problems (Group 4 studies) and moderately to severely disturbed non-middle-class adults (Group 1 studies). Work with adolescents is represented by a single study (Cole, Getting, & Miskimins, 1969). Interventions with younger children concentrating on specific target behaviors have not been well controlled (De Leon & Mandell, 1966;Schortinghuis & Frohman, 1974;Werry & Cohrssen, 1965) and there has only been one study focusing on children's general adjustment difficulties (Karlsruher, 1976).…”

Section: Patient Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers.

Durlak¹

1979

Psychological Bulletin

351

184

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Forty-two studies comparing the effectiveness of professional and paraprofessional helpers are reviewed with respect to outcome and adequacy of design. Although studies have been limited to examining helpers functioning in narrowly denned clinical roles with specific client populations, findings have been consistent and provocative. Paraprofessionals achieve clinical outcomes equal to or significantly better than those obtained by professionals. In terms of measurable outcome, professionals may not possess demonstrably superior clinical skills when compared with paraprofessionals. Moreover, professional mental health education, training, and experience do not appear to be necessary prerequisites for an effective helping person. The strongest support for paraprofessionals has come from programs directed at the modification of college students' and adults' specific target problems and, to a lesser extent, from group and individual therapy programs for non-middle-class adults. Unfortunately, there is little information on the factors that account for paraprofessionals' effectiveness. Future studies need to define, isolate, and evaluate the primary treatment ingredients of paraprofessional helping programs in an attempt to determine the nature of the paraprofessional's therapeutic influence.Evaluations of research involving paraprofessional therapists have been highly positive. Reviewers concentrating on the use of college students (Gruver, 1971), community volunteers (Siegel, 1973, and parents (Berkowitz & Graziano, 1972;Johnson & Katz, 1973;O'Dell, 1974) or discussing paraprofessional therapy outcome research in general (Karlsruher, 1974) have agreed that relatively untrained workers can make a significant service contribution within the mental health field. Conspicuously ignored, however, has been the research comparing the relative effectiveness of paraprofessionals and professionals. This article attempts to review and evaluate this comparative research with respect to outcome and adequacy of design.A broad range of helping roles is considered. Studies selected for review include individualThe author wishes to thank Daryl "Kim" Hamblin for his help in the rating task described in this report.

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“…The heart of the issue is whether social desirability responding represents a contamination, a source of unwanted systematic bias, or whether it is intrinsic to what one is actually intending to measure and therefore ought not to be arbitrarily eliminated. Citing the work of Heilbrun (1964) and that of Cole, Getting, and Miskimins (1969), Benjamin (1974) suggested that "deviation from social desirability may itself be 'pathology' " (p. 423). Benjamin (1977, p. 405) took pains to distinguish between social desirability as an artifact and as clinically meaningful defensiveness and to relate this distinction to the settings in which the SASB model is used.…”

Section: Reliability and Related Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whatever happened to interpersonal diagnosis? A psychosocial alternative to DSM-III.

McLemore¹,

Benjamin²

1979

American Psychologist

138

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Concerns about the scientific and clinical shortcomings of the pending DSM-III lead the authors to propose that psychology consolidate its knowledge in the form of an interpersonal behavior taxonomy.A substantial body oj literature suggests that the most useful asspects of current psychiatric diagnostic schemata are psychosocial in nature and that most diagnoses of "functional mental disorders" are made, albeit implicitly, on the basis of observed interpersonal behavior. This article includes a review of social behavior coding models suitable for clinical use and a discussion of how Benjamin's structural analysis of social behavior could be used for developing an interpersonal nosology. The authors highlight the clinical and scientific advantages of such a nosology over traditional psychiatric nomenclature. They also illustrate the application of the Benjamin model to clinical practice with a brief case history and give a specific example of how a DSM-III diagnosis might be translated into this model.

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Self-concept therapy for adolescent females.

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Structural analysis of social behavior.

Structural analysis of social behavior.

Comparative effectiveness of paraprofessional and professional helpers.

Whatever happened to interpersonal diagnosis? A psychosocial alternative to DSM-III.

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