Self-Condensation of n-Butyraldehyde over Solid Base Catalysts

Tsuji, Hideto; Yagi, Fuyuki; Hattori, Hideshi; Kita, Hideaki

doi:10.1006/jcat.1994.1262

Cited by 203 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…The basic OH − ions are not relevant to the aldol addition of nbutyraldehyde, as the surface O 2− ions are active for the reaction 57) . For n-butyraldehyde, aldol addition product, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal, may undergo the Tishchenko reaction with n-butyraldehyde to form trimeric ester 58) . The Tishchenko reaction does not proceed with alkali/alumina, but does proceed with alkaline earth oxides.…”

Section: Aldol Additionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Solid Base Catalysts: Generation, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Basic Sites

英¹

2004

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Studies of solid base catalysis performed in our group are summarized. Strongly basic sites for most solid base catalysts are generated by removal of water and carbon dioxide by pretreatment at high temperatures from the surfaces. The nature of the surface basic sites varies with the severity of the pretreatment conditions. Rearrangement of surface and bulk atoms occurs, in addition to the removal of water and carbon dioxide, during the pretreatment. The optimum pretreatment temperature varies with the type of reaction. Characterization of basic sites by the indicator method, TPD of CO2, O exchange between adsorbed CO2 and MgO surface, NMR of 133 Cs and 19 F are described. The catalytic behaviors of solid base catalysts are described for the following reactions; (1) double bond migration, (2) hydrogenation, (3) amination, (4) aldol addition, (5) nitroaldol reaction, (6) Michael addition, (7) conjugate addition of alcohol, (8) cyanoethylation, (9) transesterification of ethyl acetate and alcoholysis of propylene oxide, and (10) the Tishchenko reaction. The strength of basic sites relevant to different reactions is discussed based on the activity order among alkaline earth oxides, and the optimum pretreatment temperatures of MgO for different reactions. Reactions with hydrocarbons need strongly basic sites, whereas reactions with compounds containing functional groups proceed even on weakly basic sites. Finally, important issues to be investigated for the development of solid base catalysis are pointed out.

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Section: Aldol Additionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Solid Base Catalysts: Generation, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Basic Sites

英¹

2004

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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“…2 The reaction has been carried out with a number of other catalysts such as ruthenium complexes, 3 alkali earth metal oxides, 4 boric acid, 5 sodium alkoxides 6 (with aryl aldehydes), alkali metals, 7 zirconocenes, 8 and lanthanide (amide) complexes. 9 The mechanism of the Tishchenko reaction involves a hydride shift.…”

Section: Laboratory Of Organic Chemistry Helsinki University Of Techsupporting

confidence: 42%

Monoalcoholates of 1,3-diols as effective catalysts in the Tishchenko esterification of 1,3-dioxan-4-ols

Törmäkangas¹,

Koskinen²

2001

Tetrahedron Letters

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“…Ultra-fine metal oxide particles can be used as bactericide, adsorbent, and catalyst. MgO in particular has shown great promising application as a destructive adsorbent for toxic chemical agent [24]. This paper presented an ultrasonic route for preparing MgO nano-particles.…”

supporting

confidence: 39%

Preparation of nano-MgO using ultrasonic method and its characteristics

Tang

Shi

2008

Eclet. Quim.

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MgO is an important inorganic material, which can be used in many aspects, such as catalyst, toxic-waste remediation agent, adsorbent, and others. In order to make use of MgO, nano-MgO was prepared by ultrasonic method using Mg (CH3COO)2.2H2O as precursor, NaOH aqueous solution as precipitant in this paper. Effect factors on MgO nano-particle size were investigated. Characteristics of samples were measured by TGA, XRD, TEM, and others techniques. The results showed that the size of nano-MgO about 4 nm could be obtained under the following conditions (ultrasonic time 20 min, ultrasonic power 250 W, titration rate of NaOH 0.25 mL/min, NaOH concentration 0.48 mol/L, calcinations temperature 410 °C, calcination time 1.5 h, heating rate of calcination 5 °C/min). It was a very simple and effective method to prepare nano-MgO.

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Self-Condensation of n-Butyraldehyde over Solid Base Catalysts

Cited by 203 publications

References 0 publications

Solid Base Catalysts: Generation, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Basic Sites

Solid Base Catalysts: Generation, Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Basic Sites

Monoalcoholates of 1,3-diols as effective catalysts in the Tishchenko esterification of 1,3-dioxan-4-ols

Preparation of nano-MgO using ultrasonic method and its characteristics

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