Self‐crosslinkable epoxidized natural rubber–silica hybrids

Abstract

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)–silica hybrids without any other additives were prepared by an open‐mill mixing method at room temperature. The curing characteristics, crosslinking density, mechanical properties, and dynamical mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicate that the ENR–silica hybrid materials could be cured with silica as a crosslinking and reinforcing agent. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy exposed the characteristics of the interfacial interaction in the hybrids and confirmed the existence of chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the epoxy group and SiOH. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated a good dispersion of silica in the ENR matrix. Meanwhile, the modulus at 100% elongation of the hybrid reached 9.64 MPa when 100‐phr silica was loaded; a similar trend was observed for the hardness. Finally, our findings might extend the concept of rubber curing and open a new space for making an environmentally friendly rubber composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44605.

Physicochemical, mechanical, barrier and antibacterial properties of starch nanocomposites crosslinked with pre-oxidised sucrose

“…Crosslinking is one of the method to improve the properties of starch films, although it is usually associated with physical and chemical incompatibility between the two polymers. Crosslinking initiates formation of bridges between adjacent molecules by using diff erent crosslinking agents (Veiga-Santos et al, 2007;Xie et al, 2014;Dang and Yoksan, 2016). Starch and starch based products have been crosslinked with diff erent crosslinkers were earlier reported, such as sodium trimetaphosphate , urea formaldehye (Mittal et al, 2016), epichlorohydrin (Zhou et al, 2016.…”

“…How-ever, the chemicals used for crosslinking starch are relatively toxic, expensive or do not provide the desired improvement in properties. Highly reactive aldehyde derivatives showed satisfactory mechanical performance and stability (Xu et al, 2015).…”

“…Antimicrobial packaging has been used for the inhibition of certain bacteria in foods, but barriers to their commercial implementation continue to exist (Assis et al, 2017). Antimicrobial packaging is an area with high potential for applying bionanocomposite technology to control undesirable microorganisms on foods by means of the in-corporation of active molecules such as antimicrobial compounds in or coated onto the packaging materials (Abdel-Halim and Al-Deyab, 2014;Xu et al, 2013). Scheme 1.…”

Enhancing interfacial and mechanical strength of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites via in situ fabricated halloysite nanotubes/silica nano hybrid

“…Fillers play an indispensable role in the reinforcement of the rubber, especially, for the low‐intensity SBR. Nowadays, nanofillers, are very much in demand for the fact that they often give rise to the improved properties, which has sparked the interest from scientists and technologists in rubber industry . Silica has been considered as one of the most appealing materials in the tire and rubber industries owing to the high natural abundance, low discharge potential, and little color contamination.…”

Preparation and stress-strain behavior of in-situ epoxidized natural rubber/SiO2 hybrid through a sol-gel method

“…The results indicated that the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups of ENR chains occurs and the covalent bonds between C-OH of ENR and Si-OH groups on the silica surfaces were formed, which can improve the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and enhance the interfacial combination between rubber and silica. However, the hybrid obtained a good strength only with a high content of SiO 2 [6], where the elongation at break of hybrid was limited regrettably. This might be attributed to the insufficient filler-rubber interactions.…”