“…The composite membrane fabricated by the former strategy is known as a mixed matrix hollow fiber membrane, while the latter is TFN hollow fiber membrane. Correspondingly, various nanomaterials have been reported in composite hollow fiber membranes, such as metal oxides [ 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 ], zeolites [ 190 , 191 , 192 ], silica [ 193 , 194 , 195 ], metal organic frameworks (MOFs) [ 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 ], two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.g., graphene oxide (GO) and MXene) [ 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 ], and mixed nanofillers [ 205 , 206 , 207 ]. The incorporation of nanofillers alters the mobility of polymer chains, induces interfacial voids between the two phases, enhances sorption and affinity toward certain species, and hence ameliorates membrane performance.…”