Self-crosslinking of comb-shaped polystyrene anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cell application

Liu, Wangcai; Liu, Lei; Liao, Jiayou; Wang, Linghui; Li, Nanwen

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.006

Cited by 76 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Over the last few years, aside from well-known quaternized-based polymers AEMs such as polysulfone [5,6], polystyrene [7,8], poly(vinyl alcohol) [9,10], and poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide), new quaternized polymers AEMs including poly(butylimidazolium) [11], poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) [12], poly(arylene ether sulfone) [13], poly(arylene ether nitrile) [14], poly(arylene ether ketone sulfone) [15], and radiation-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [16] have been successfully fabricated and characterized. Nevertheless, these type of polymers are generally costly, and require a complex quaternization process, as well as frequently using toxic, even carcinogenic, substances [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of PVA/PDDA/Nano-Zirconia Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Samsudin

Hacker

2019

Polymers

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Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) contribute significantly to enhance the performance and efficiency of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs). A sequence of composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), and nano-zirconia (NZ) has been prepared by a solution casting technique. The effect of zirconia mass ratio on attribute and performance of composite AEMs was investigated. The chemical structures, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of AEMs were characterized by FTIR, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, and universal testing machine, respectively. The performance of composite AEMs was verified using water uptake, swelling degree, ion-exchange capacity, and OH− conductivity measurement. The nano-zirconia was homogeneously dispersed in the PVA/PDDA AEMs matrix. The mechanical properties of the composite AEMs were considerably enhanced with the addition of NZ. Through the introduction of 1.5 wt.% NZ, PVA/PDDA/NZ composite AEMs acquired the highest hydroxide conductivity of 31.57 mS·cm−1 at ambient condition. This study demonstrates that the PVA/PDDA/NZ AEMs are a potential candidate for APEFCs application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of PVA/PDDA/Nano-Zirconia Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Samsudin

Hacker

2019

Polymers

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“…In this work, a series of PVBC‐based AEMs was prepared and crosslinked using click chemistry. A triazole ring formed by the Huisgen click reaction is chemically stable in alkaline solution . The monomer, 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride (4‐VBC), is not only low cost and readily available but also ready to be functionalized to add the cationic and reactive groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene‐based anion exchange membranes via click chemistry: improved properties and AEM performance

Tuli

Roy

Elgammal

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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Polystyrene-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been fabricated using in situ click chemistry between azide and alkyne moieties introduced as side groups on functionalized polymers. The membrane properties such as water uptake, swelling ratio and conductivity were affected by the number of cations and the degree of crosslinking. The membranes containing a larger amount of trimethylammonium cationic groups (i.e. higher ion exchange capacity) showed high hydroxide conductivity when immersed in KOH solution, exhibiting a peak in conductivity (156 mS cm −1 ) in 3 mol L -1 KOH solution. A higher degree of crosslinking tended to decrease conductivity. These membranes demonstrated relatively good stability in 8 mol L -1 KOH at 60 ∘ C and maintained 33%-62% of initial conductivity after 49 days with most of the loss in conductivity occurring in early stages of the test. In an alkaline fuel cell, the areal specific resistance was constant indicating good stability of the membranes. The observed peak power density (157 mW cm −2 ) was comparable to that of other AEM-based fuel cells reported.

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“…Fuel cells have attracted considerable interest among researchers with the growing demand for clean and efficient energy . Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are the two major power devices of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells . PEMFCs have seen greater advancements compared to AEMFCs due to the high proton conductivity of proton exchange membrane (PEM) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many polymers have been used in the preparation of AEMs, for example, polysulfone (PSF), poly(ether sulfone), poly(ether ether ketone), polystyrene, and poly(ether imide) . The most common functional group is the quaternary ammoniums group, which is usually introduced into the polymer backbone by chloromethylation or bromination and functionalization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells

Wang

Liu

Wang

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As a core component of anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells, it has practical significance to improve the performance of AEMs. However, it is difficult to obtain AEM with both good stability and high conductivity. In this study, a series of AEMs were prepared by chloromethylation, quaternization, and crosslinking reactions. The quaternization reaction was carried out first to ensure that there are abundant quaternary ammonium groups on AEM and enhance the conductivity of membrane. N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine was used as a crosslinker to improve membrane stability and mechanical property. A simple, mild, and cost‐effective AEM synthetic route was developed. This strategy achieves a certain balance of electrochemical and physical properties. The effect of the crosslinking reactions on the property of membrane was evaluated. Crosslinked membranes have better dimensional stability (water uptake: 20.2% and swelling ratio: 2.1%), mechanical properties (55.84 MPa), and alkaline stability because crosslinked structures result in large steric hindrance. The mutually independent quaternization and crosslinking reaction do not affect the electrochemical performance of membranes; in the crosslinking reaction stage, crosslinker also reacted as quaternization agent and increased the number of reactive groups in AEM. Thus, the resulting crosslinked AEM exhibits higher ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivities (46.4 mS cm−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48169.

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Self-crosslinking of comb-shaped polystyrene anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cell application

Cited by 76 publications

References 45 publications

Preparation and Characterization of PVA/PDDA/Nano-Zirconia Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Preparation and Characterization of PVA/PDDA/Nano-Zirconia Composite Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells

Polystyrene‐based anion exchange membranes via click chemistry: improved properties and AEM performance

Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells

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