Self-Diffusion of Iron in Iron Oxides and The Wagner Theory of Oxidation

Himmel, L.; Mehl, Robert F.; Birchenall, C. E.

doi:10.1007/bf03397553

Cited by 94 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, calculations and experiments show that when iron exhibits parabolic oxidation kinetics the thickness fraction of the wüstite layer should be constant in time and equal to 0.95. Slower diffusion through the wüstite layer results in a lower wüstite thickness fraction and, since wüstite growth determines the overall rate of iron oxidation, 28) a slower overall oxidation rate. Although the magnitude of the parabolic rate constants differ between low carbon steels and pure iron, 17) the wüstite thickness fractions in unblistered regions are similar to those of pure iron, 0.95.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Low-carbon Steels Containing the Residual Elements Copper and Nickel

Webler

Sridhar

2007

ISIJ Int.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Low-carbon Steels Containing the Residual Elements Copper and Nickel

Webler

Sridhar

2007

ISIJ Int.

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“…The oxidation behavior of metals and alloys have been elucidated in many texts 14,[25][26][27][28][29][30] as mentioned above; however a brief summary of the kinetic equations involved and the procedure for determining oxidation kinetics used in this study are given below. The weight gain (typically normalized with surface area and given as mg/cm 2 ) as a function of time can follow a linear, parabolic, logarithmic or cubic relationship and such behavior has been compiled for various metals and alloys.…”

Section: Oxidation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Choi

Zwaag

2012

ISIJ Int.

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The objective of this paper is to describe a method of calculating the decarburized ferrite depth and scale thickness during heating and cooling for hypoeutectoid steel in ambient atmosphere. The decarburization behavior in hypoeutectoid steel is divided into three regions. In temperature region above A3 ferrite is not formed during decarburization from austenite with a carbon concentration C = 0.0 wt%. In temperature region below A3 (C = 0.0 wt.%) and above A3 (C = C0) the decarburized ferrite forms from austenite during decarburization, but its carbon concentration ranges from 0.0 to the nominal carbon concentration C0. Finally, in the temperature region below A3 (C = C0) austenite transforms to ferrite + austenite or ferrite + cementite and the decarburized ferrite forms from ferrite + austenite or ferrite + cementite by surface decarburization with the appropriate equilibrium concentration. Separate decarburization models were developed for the three temperature regions due to the difference in decarburization behavior. The proposed model also handles simultaneous oxidation. The quantitative information obtained on the oxidation and decarburization characteristics is in good agreement with the experiments.

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“…According to the Fe-O phase diagram [41], the Fe:O ratio of wüstite intrinsically decreases towards its outer interface with magnetite [41,54] causing a gradient of defect concentration, which is fixed by the equilibrium oxygen activities at the interfaces with iron and with magnetite for any given temperature. This intrinsic gradient of stoichiometry can also reduce the volume of wüstite [55][56][57][58][59] with increasing distance to the iron substrate. Another factor affecting the internal stress situation in wüstite is dislocation creep at 650°C [1,60].…”

Section: Wu¨stitementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microstructure and Internal Stresses in Multi-Phase Oxide Scales Grown on (110) Surfaces of Iron Single Crystals at 650 °C

et al. 2009

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The evolution of microstructure and growth stresses in oxide scales grown on a (110) iron single crystal surface at 650°C was studied by electron backscatter diffraction and in situ energy-dispersive diffraction with synchrotron radiation. Within this high temperature regime, the oxidation kinetics and scale microstructure were not significantly different from those encountered in the oxidation of ferrous polycrystals. Thus, epitaxial strains did not determine the stress state within the oxide scale. Relevant sources of growth stresses were inferred to be volumetric differences between the iron oxides in the early stages, and later, inner oxide formation, scale consumption as well as pore formation. These sources caused time-dependent stress cycles in magnetite and wüstite during oxidation. In the hematite layer stress cycles did not occur and creep appeared to be the predominant stress relieving mechanism. On cooling, the differences in thermal expansion caused residual stress gradients through the oxide scale.

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Self-Diffusion of Iron in Iron Oxides and The Wagner Theory of Oxidation

Cited by 94 publications

References 19 publications

The Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Low-carbon Steels Containing the Residual Elements Copper and Nickel

The Effect of Silicon on the High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Low-carbon Steels Containing the Residual Elements Copper and Nickel

Prediction of Decarburized Ferrite Depth of Hypoeutectoid Steel with Simultaneous Oxidation

Evolution of Microstructure and Internal Stresses in Multi-Phase Oxide Scales Grown on (110) Surfaces of Iron Single Crystals at 650 °C

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