Cigarette smoking is the single most lethal risk to health in Australia: it contributes significantly to premature mortality and morbidity, particularly from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Smoking appears to be initiated and maintained by a range of biological, psychological and social influences, and is a behaviour pattern which can be very resistant to change. Psychologists have contributed to the development of more effective face-to-face programs for smoking cessation. However, there needs to be a much stronger focus by our discipline on public-health aspects ofsmoking: understanding the social factors which influence smoking prevalence; discouraging the adoption of the smoking habit; and developing more effective and acceptahle methods for assisting large numbers of smokers to stop. The large-scale reduction of smoking prevalence should he a high priority for psychologists concerned with health promotion and chronic disease prevention.