Self‐esteem and socialisation in social networks as determinants in adolescents' eating disorders

Padín, Paula Frieiro; Rodríguez, Ramón; Alonso, José Domínguez

doi:10.1111/hsc.13843

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A populationbased study of DE in 10,172 adolescents participating in individual and team sports by Heradstveit et al [94] (data collected in 2012, research published in 2020) noted that DE symptoms were associated with higher individual sports participation compared to those participating in team sports. Pre-COVID-19 research thus tends to highlight the significant DE differences between individual (mostly "lean") and team (mostly "non-lean") athletes [94,95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of eating disorders symptoms and body image between individual and team sport adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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Background COVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (which tend to emphasize “leanness” as a means to improving performance), versus team sports (which tend to not require “leanness” for an athlete to be competitive), may further increase the risk of disordered eating (DE), eating disorders (ED), and distorted body image. An additional factor to consider is the gender of the athletes, with participation in “lean” sports associated with increased DE and body dissatisfaction for male, but not female, athletes. Methods Participants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes residing in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). ED symptoms were assessed by the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and body image was assessed by the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA). Results The individual athlete group (n = 62) had significantly higher EAT-26 subscale scores for Bulimia and Food Preoccupation (p = 0.019), as well as significantly higher BESAA subscale scores for Appearance (p = 0.001), Weight (p = 0.001), and Attribution (p = 0.001), compared to the team athlete group (n = 62). However, there were no significant differences between the two athlete groups on the EAT-26 Dieting and Oral Control subscales. Conclusions COVID-19 presents specialized issues for adolescent athletes, particularly those at risk for, or experiencing, DE, ED, and distorted body image. While individual athletes had significantly higher scores than team athletes on most subscales, there were no differences between groups on subscales of dieting and oral control. Overall, the findings highlight the need for sport psychologists, coaches, and other sports professionals working with male adolescent athletes (individual and team) to monitor DE, ED, and distorted body image during COVID-19, in order to provide early intervention, and mitigate the risk of long-term consequences. Plain English Summary COVID-19 has significantly disrupted the routines of school sports for adolescent athletes, which can affect their usual eating behaviors and body image. Specific pressures of individual sports (which tend to emphasize “leanness” as a means to improving performance), versus team sports (which tend to not require “leanness” for an athlete to be competitive), may further increase the risk of disordered eating (DE), eating disorders (ED), and distorted body image. An additional factor to consider is the gender of the athletes, with participation in “lean” sports associated with increased DE and body dissatisfaction for male, but not female, athletes. Participants of the study included 124 Iranian male adolescent athletes in Mazandaran province (one of the most affected areas of Iran during COVID-19), who played in 1 of 6 sports (3 individual, 3 team). The individual athlete group (62 participants) had significantly higher scores on measures of ED (Bulimia, Food Preoccupation), and body image (Appearance, Weight, Attribution), versus the team athlete group (62 participants). However, there were no significant differences between groups on other measures of ED (Dieting, Oral Control). Findings highlight the need for sport professionals working with adolescent athletes to monitor DE and body image during COVID-19 for early intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of eating disorders symptoms and body image between individual and team sport adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…However, the data are consistent with other studies on excessive use. In a very large sample (N= 7083), for example, EUI in adolescents was correlated with eating disorder symptoms (r=.36) [26] in another study (N=721), a high degree of socialization on the Internet was associated with eating disorders [27]. But it was also associated with low self-esteem.…”

Section: Excessive Internet Usementioning

confidence: 92%

Anorexia in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

2022

Arch Pediatr

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The prevalence of anorexia nervosa has ranged from 27% in non-clinical samples to 85% in samples of adolescents with eating disorders, with twice the prevalence noted in females. Several correlates of anorexia are reported in the recent literature reviewed here including vegetarian diets, personality characteristics such as internalizing and perfectionism as well as behavior problems including impulsivity, dysregulation and being victimized. Comorbidities have included social anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. In most of these studies, it is not clear which is the primary disorder, as most of the samples are cross-sectional rather than longitudinal. Several of the correlates have also been identified as risk factors including gender, early attachment disturbances, excessive Internet use and negative effects of COVID-19. Potential underlying mechanisms have included involvement of the prefrontal area of the brain based on fMRI and evoked potential research. Fortunately, negative effects of anorexia including decreased body fat mass and bone density as well as lower cortical thickness and less grey matter have been reversed following weight gain. Other effective interventions have included cognitive behavior and dialectical behavior therapy. This narrative review involved entering the terms eating disorders and adolescents into PubMed and PsycINFO. The search yielded 251 papers for the last five years, but following exclusion criteria including case studies and non-English papers, this review is a summary of the research reported in 49 papers. The recent literature on eating disorders in adolescents is predominantly focused on correlates and risk factors for anorexia along with some studies on comorbidities and potential underlying mechanisms for anorexia. Although there are virtually no studies on the effects of anorexia except its effects on body mass and bone mineral density, several intervention studies appear in this literature. Related studies are focused on orthorexia. This narrative review is accordingly divided into sections on the prevalence of anorexia, comorbidities, correlates, risk factors, potential underlying mechanisms and interventions. In a separate section, the smaller literature on orthorexia and drunkorexia is briefly reviewed.

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“…EDs are prevalent globally, with incidence at 8.4% for females and 2.2% for males, respectively. Furthermore, a 7.8% increase in EDs Overall was reported for the period 2013-2018 (Frieiro et al, 2022), as well as increases among younger ages. While genetic vulnerability plays a crucial role in the development of eating disorders, the social environment's influence is also important (Guarda, 2022), including the influence of social media and the Internet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Social media leads to eating disorders and response strategies

Liu¹

2023

AEHSSR

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With the increasing convenience that social media provides for people, its negative effects are becoming more prominent. The issue of eating disorders caused by social media is becoming more apparent. This article reviews past research and finds that social media causes people to have eating disorders through inducing appearance anxiety and low self-esteem, among other factors. It has been found that effective ways to alleviate the negative impact of social media on eating disorders include improving media literacy, changing people's acceptance of appearance, developing positive body image, and planning social media content. Through this review, a theoretical foundation has been established for future efforts to improve the openness of social media and change its negative impact on people.

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Self‐esteem and socialisation in social networks as determinants in adolescents' eating disorders

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Comparison of eating disorders symptoms and body image between individual and team sport adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Comparison of eating disorders symptoms and body image between individual and team sport adolescent athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Anorexia in Adolescents: A Narrative Review

Social media leads to eating disorders and response strategies

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