Self-esteem and the intersection of age, class, and gender

McMullin, Julie Ann; Cairney, John

doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2003.09.006

Cited by 244 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Whereas the findings of Robins et al (2002) are relatively SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT 8 similar to the longitudinal evidence reviewed above, the results of McMullin and Cairney (2004) and Pullmann et al (2009) diverge more strongly. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is that cross-sectional data generally suffer from important limitations, such as confounding agerelated changes with cohort effects (Baltes, Cornelius, & Nesselroade, 1979).…”

Section: Previous Research On Lifespan Development Of Self-esteemsupporting

confidence: 65%

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Orth

Maes

Schmitt

2015

Developmental Psychology

118

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We examined the development of self-esteem across the lifespan. Data came from a German longitudinal study with three assessments across 4 years of a sample of 2,509 individuals aged 14 to 89 years. The self-esteem measure used showed strong measurement invariance across assessments and birth cohorts. Latent growth curve analyses indicated that self-esteem follows a quadratic trajectory across the lifespan, increasing during adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood, reaching a peak at age 60 years, and then declining in old age. No cohort effects on average levels of self-esteem or on the shape of the trajectory were found. Moreover, the trajectory did not differ across gender, level of education, or for individuals who had lived continuously in West vs. East Germany (i.e., the two separate countries from 1949 to 1990).However, the results suggested that employment status, household income, and satisfaction in the domains of work, relationships, and health contribute to a more positive lifespan trajectory of self-esteem. The findings have significant implications because they call attention to developmental stages in which individuals may be vulnerable due to low self-esteem (such as adolescence and old age) and to factors that predict successful versus problematic developmental trajectories.Keywords: self-esteem, lifespan development, measurement invariance, longitudinal SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT 3 Self-Esteem Development Across the Lifespan: A Longitudinal Study with a Large Sample from GermanyHow the self-esteem of individuals develops as they go through life is of considerable societal significance because mounting evidence suggests that self-esteem is predictive of a person's success and well-being in important life domains such as relationships, work, and health. For example, longitudinal research indicates that self-esteem predicts satisfaction in marriage and close relationships (Orth, Robins, & Widaman, 2012), social support (Marshall, Parker, Ciarrochi, & Heaven, 2014), success and well-being in working life (Kuster, Orth, & Meier, 2013;Orth et al., 2012), mental health (Sowislo & Orth, 2013;Trzesniewski et al., 2006), and physical health (Orth et al., 2012;Trzesniewski et al., 2006). In recent years, a growing number of studies have provided important insights into the nature and consequences of selfesteem development (for a review, see Orth & Robins, 2014). However, few longitudinal studies have examined self-esteem from a lifespan perspective, due to the lack of studies that included samples with sufficiently broad age ranges. As yet, two longitudinal data sets have been used to track the self-esteem trajectory across the lifespan (Orth et al., 2012;Orth, Trzesniewski, & Robins, 2010). However, although these studies yielded converging evidence on the lifespan trajectory, their samples came from a single country (specifically, the United States). Given that cultures shape the prototypical self-concept and tendency toward self-enhancement among their members (Heine, Lehman, Markus, & ...

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Section: Previous Research On Lifespan Development Of Self-esteemsupporting

confidence: 65%

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Orth

Maes

Schmitt

2015

Developmental Psychology

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, gender does not mediate the SAO model which is in contrast to the finding from other scholars which found that gender mediated self-esteem (Duran & Tezer, 2009, Karagozoglu et al 2008, Sherina et al 2008, Kundu & Rani, 2007, Aricak, 2007, and McMullin & Cairney, 2004. Another www.ccsenet.org/ass Asian Social Science Vol.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Multi-Group Analysis: Testing Moderating Effects for the Causal Structure Model of Self-Action-Outcome (Sao Model)

Abdullah¹,

Saad²,

Balakrishnan³

et al. 2015

ASS

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This study focuses on testing the moderating effects based on gender, academic performance, faculty and residential setting based on Self-Action-Outcome (SAO) model that was developed by the researchers. This model examined the relationship between self-esteem, job-search intensity and career decision-making self-efficacy among undergraduate students. Several instruments were used to develop this model were, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Job-Search Intensity Scale, and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale. Cluster sampling procedure was used in recruiting the participants. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from 678 undergraduate students and were tested with confirmatory factor analysis to obtain three best-fit measurement models from the three latent variables. The results showed that gender, academic performance, faculty and residential setting did not moderate the hypothesized SAO model which means that the hypothesized SAO model is a good model for undergraduate students. Implications of the findings for social work practice such as guidance counsellor, research, theory, policy and education were also discussed.

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“…Regarding gender, most studies have found higher mean levels of global self-esteem in men than in women in adolescence and young adulthood (see, e.g., McMullin & Cairney, 2004;Orth et al, 2010;Robins, Trzesniewski, Tracy, Gosling, & Potter, 2002), even though also some non-findings concerning gender differences have been reported (Erol & Orth, 2011;Orth et al, 2012).…”

Section: Predictors Of Self-esteem Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of global and domain-specific self-esteem from age 13 to 31.

Soest¹,

Wichstrøm²,

Kvalem³

2016

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

153

162

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This study examines the development of global self-esteem and self-esteem in 6 specific domains across adolescence and young adulthood. Using a cohort-sequential design, we analyzed longitudinal data on 3,116 Norwegian men and women from 13 to 31 years of age by means of growth curve modeling. Questionnaire data provided information on global self-esteem and self-esteem in social, academic, athletic, and appearance domains. Data on important life outcomes was provided by register linkages. Results showed increasing levels of global self-esteem and self-esteem in most domains with increasing age. Being male, higher parental education, and reported higher levels of parental care were related to higher levels of global self-esteem and self-esteem in several domains. Self-esteem in the appearance domain showed high and stable correlations with global self-esteem, whereas in social domains, correlations with global self-esteem increased over age, with a particularly steep increase for romantic appeal self-esteem. As to the prospective relationship between self-esteem and important life outcomes, results showed that participants high in academic self-esteem attained higher education levels and higher income, but most of the relationship was explained by covariates such as parents’ socioeconomic status and school grades. Low global self-esteem predicted later prescription of antidepressants, even after controlling for covariates. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the development of global and domain-specific self-esteem throughout adolescence and young adulthood using long-term longitudinal data. The results underscore the importance of examining development of self-esteem in specific domains in addition to global self-esteem.

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Self-esteem and the intersection of age, class, and gender

Cited by 244 publications

References 21 publications

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Self-esteem development across the life span: A longitudinal study with a large sample from Germany.

Multi-Group Analysis: Testing Moderating Effects for the Causal Structure Model of Self-Action-Outcome (Sao Model)

The development of global and domain-specific self-esteem from age 13 to 31.

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