Self‐Estimate Ability in Black and White 8th‐, 10th‐, and 12th‐Grade Males and Females

Self-estimates of vocational interests

“…The largest samples (200+) tended to produce results which favoured the accuracy of self-estimates. Overall, 6 out of the 12 studies indicated a positive and significant relationship between self-estimates and measured interests, 3 out of the 12 studies could be interpreted as having negative results (Arsenian, 1942;Foreman & James, 1969;Thompson & Hutchinson, 1981) and a further 4 out of the 12 were concerned with moderating factors such as self-regard (Barrett, 1968), ego-strength (Bidwell,1%9), demographic factors (Brown, Fulkerson, Vedder, & Ware, 1983) or age and intelligence (Tierney & Herman, 1973). It did not appear from the categorisation of outcomes that the type of interest inventory used in a study affected the result.…”

“…Several researchers (Becker, 1977;Bidwell, 1969;Brown, 1951;O'Hara & Tiedeman, 1959;and Thompson & Hutchinson, 1981), using both correlational and ANOVA procedures, reported significant positive associations between increasing educational level (measured either as number of years of education or current grade level) and similarity or congruence of self-estimates of vocational interests with measured interests. Others (Brown et al, 1983;Tierney & Herman, 1973) reported that high-school grade level had no significant relationship with self-estimate ability. Given the methodological diversity within these studies, it is not possible to argue convincingly for or against a link between educational level and self-estimate ability.…”

“…Crosby and Winsor (1941) reported gender effects only for women estimating social service interests. However, the majority of investigators (Athanasou & Evans, 1983;Becker, 1977;Breidenbaugh & Brozovich, 1971; Brown et al, 1983;Capeto, 1977;Tiemey & Herman, 1973) all reported nonsignificant gender daerences in self-estimate ability. Holland (1985) argued that personality factors play an important role in occupational choice and presumably this role would impinge on self-knowledge of interests.…”

The Role of Work and Cultural Values in Occupational Choice, Satisfaction, and Success: A Theoretical Statement

“…Support. There is evidence that African American adolescents may not be as proficient at making estimates of their abilities and other traits as are European American adolescents (D. Brown, Fulkerson, Vedder, & Ware, 1983;Westbrook, Buck, Wynne, & Sanford, 1994), although the reasons for these differences are not clear. It may well be that the results are more attributable to SES than to ethnicity because the researchers did not control for income level.…”

Relations Among Ethnicity, Gender, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intention to Pursue a Career in Information Technology

“…Hackett, Betz, Casas, & Rocha‐Singh, 1992; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994; Lent et al., 2005; Payton, White, & Mbarika, 2005). Some research has examined the reasons that women are less likely to choose careers in IT (Gaudin, 1999; Melymuka, 1999; Nauta, Epperson, & Kahn, 1998; Schaefers, Epperson, & Nauta, 1997; von Hellens & Nielson, 2001), but relatively few studies have focused on why African Americans or other minorities are not motivated to enter these professions (Brown, Fulkerson, Vedder, & Ware, 1983; Hackett et al., 1992; Lent et al., 2005; Nielson, von Hellens, Greenhill, & Pringle, 1997; Pelham & Fretz, 1982). Therefore, the primary purpose of the present study is to examine three factors that may affect African Americans’ and women's intentions to pursue careers in IT, including (a) IT self‐efficacy beliefs; (b) IT occupational stereotypes; and (c) attitudes toward IT jobs.…”