Self-expanding covered esophageal Ultraflex stent for palliation of malignant colorectal anastomotic obstruction complicated by multiple fistulas

Indications and results of endoscopic rectal stenting

“…Covered esophageal stents have been used in the colon to combat problems with tumor ingrowth and to close fistulae. 5 SEMS may produce imaging artifacts on both computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) localized to the area around the stent that may prevent accurate interpretation. Most SEMS materials appear safe for MRI, but factors such as stent shape, orientation to the magnetic field, and type of alloy composition influence signal intensity in vitro.…”

“…In this setting, covered esophageal stents have been used to close such fistulae and produce excellent palliation. 5,20 …”

Long-Term Results of Balloon Catheter Dilation of Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Stenoses

“…4,5,6), for the facilitation of onestage operations, 29,30 or for permanent palliative treatment. 29,31,32 CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the results, risks, and expenses of balloon catheter dilation with those of alternative noninvasive and surgical interventions demonstrates that balloon catheter dilation should be the first method of choice in the treatment of benign lower GI tract stenoses. …”

Interventional palliative strategies for malignant bowel obstruction

“…Stent reobstruction occurred in 14 patients and stent migration in fi ve (four of whom received covered stents). Use of a covered stent in the rectum may allow palliation of malignant fi stulas to the vagina and bladder [19]. There is controversy regarding how distally stents can be placed within the rectum, as symptoms are related to low insertion, and whether such stents still provide effective palliation.…”