“…Conical emission, arising from alkali metal vapor following near-resonant pulsed laser excitation, associated with spectral line broadening, frequency shift of emission, and cone angle variation with respect to the wavelength of the exciting laser pulse and self-action processes in the nonlinear medium, has been the subject of numerous experimental and theoretical considerations over the past two decades. Various effects, mainly based on radiation generation via parametric wave mixing, three-photon scattering and temporal pulse reshaping of Rabi-sideband amplification, [1][2][3][4][5][6] stimulated Raman 7 and hyperfine Raman scattering accompanied by self-phase modulation, 8 pulse breakup into solitary waves, 9 Cerenkov-like radiation generation [10][11][12][13] and diffraction-free encoding followed by free space propagation 14 have been taken into account to describe conical emission features and origins of offaxis emission-generation processes.…”