“…These polymers, redox couples and nanomaterials have been previously reported for their thermopower effects. [39][40][41][42][43][44] For all the comparable VHGs, the device based on PSSA, PEDOT:PSS and FeCN 4À/3À appears to be the optimal construction for power generation. We propose that the impacts of different additives on I sc are related to their water adsorption ability, ionic conductivity, and the coupling effect between them, which are discussed in detail in Supplementary note 2 (ESI †).…”