Self Healing Polymers and Composites

Andersson, Henric; Keller, Michael W.; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Sottos, Nancy R.; White, Scott R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6250-6_2

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Self‐healing materials (SHM) are a rapidly emerging class of materials that prevent failure through the autonomous repair of microdamage in situ . One of the most broadly reported SHMs is the matrix repolymerization scheme pioneered by White, Sottos, and coworkers in which a polymer matrix is co‐embedded with catalyst and microcapsules containing a reactive healing agent . On encountering a propagating microcrack, the microcapsule shell ruptures and releases the healing agent into the crack plane, exposing it to the catalyst embedded in the matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and cytotoxicity testing of acrylic bone cement embedded with microencapsulated 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate

2013

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The water-reactive tissue adhesive 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OCA) was microencapsulated in polyurethane shells and incorporated into Palacos R bone cement. The tensile and compressive properties of the composite material were investigated in accordance with commercial standards, and fracture toughness of the capsule-embedded bone cement was measured using the tapered double-cantilever beam geometry. Viability and proliferation of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells after culture with extracts from Palacos R bone cement, capsule-embedded Palacos R bone cement, and OCA were also analyzed. Incorporating up to 5 wt % capsules had little effect on the compressive and tensile properties of the composite, but greater than 5 wt % capsules reduced these values below commercial standards. Fracture toughness was increased by 13% through the incorporation of 3 wt % capsules and eventually decreased below the toughness of the capsule-free controls at capsule contents of 15 wt % and higher. The effect on cell proliferation and viability in response to extracts prepared from capsule-embedded and commercial bone cements were not significantly different from each other, whereas extracts from OCA were moderately toxic to cells. Overall, the addition of lower wt % of OCA-containing microcapsules to commercial bone cement was found to moderately increase static mechanical properties without increasing the toxicity of the material.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and cytotoxicity testing of acrylic bone cement embedded with microencapsulated 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate

2013

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“…Two common matrix repolymerization systems employed to date rely on a ruthenium‐based Grubbs' catalyst to induce ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) monomer5, 13, 14 or various reactive epoxy resins that induce curing of a bisphenol‐A epoxy matrix 15. Microencapsulated PDMS self‐healing systems have also been investigated 77, 78. While many groups have successfully utilized these systems, the following is meant to discuss illustrative examples of the feasibility of the approach.…”

Section: First Generation Self‐healing Materials: Composites That Irrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crack formation also exposes embedded catalyst that initiates curing of the healing agent released from the capsules into the crack area. The reaction binds the surfaces of the crack together, halting its progression through the material 5, 13, 14, 77, 79, 80. The reverse case of microencapsulated catalyst and phase‐separated healing agent has also been explored 77, 78…”

Section: First Generation Self‐healing Materials: Composites That Irrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐healing biomaterials

Brochu

Craig

Reichert

2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

187

125

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The goal of this review is to introduce the biomaterials community to the emerging field of self-healing materials, and also to suggest how one could utilize and modify self-healing approaches to develop new classes of biomaterials. A brief discussion of the in vivo mechanical loading and resultant failures experienced by biomedical implants is followed by presentation of the self-healing methods for combating mechanical failure. If conventional composite materials that retard failure may be considered zeroth generation self-healing materials, then taxonomically-speaking, first generation self-healing materials describe approaches that “halt” and “fill” damage, whereas second generation self-healing materials strive to “fully restore” the pre-failed material structure. In spite of limited commercial use to date, primarily because the technical details have not been suitably optimized, it is likely from a practical standpoint that first generation approaches will be the first to be employed commercially, whereas second generation approaches may take longer to implement. For self-healing biomaterials the optimization of technical considerations is further compounded by the additional constraints of toxicity and biocompatibility, necessitating inclusion of separate discussions of design criteria for self-healing biomaterials.

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“…The self-healing concept has been developed in many application fi elds such as polymers for coatings, microelectronic packaging, [ 1 ] medical uses, [ 2 ] concrete or cementitious structures, [ 2 ] and composites materials for aerospace applications. [ 3,4 ] A robust self-healing effect must have the following characteristics: [ 2 ] effi ciency (recovers both mechanical and chemical properties); repeatable (ability to self-repair from multiple damage events; long shelf life (remains in operation during the service life, which may span decades); reliable (consistent self-healing in a broad range of environments); pervasiveness (ready for activation when and where needed); and economical (economically feasible, for instance for the highly cost-sensitive construction industry).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Self‐Repairing Glassy Materials

Coillot

Méar

Podor

et al. 2010

Adv Funct Materials

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A new process that enables glassy materials to self‐repair from mechanical damage is presented in this paper. Contrary to intrinsic self‐healing, which involves overheating to enable crack healing by glass softening, this process is based on an extrinsic effect produced by vanadium boride (VB) particles dispersed within the glass matrix. Self‐repair is obtained through the oxidation of VB particles, and thus without the need to increase the operating temperature. The VB healing agent is selected for its capacity to oxidize at a lower temperature than the softening point of the glass. Thermogravimetric analyses indeed show that VB oxidation is rapid and occurs below the glass transition temperature. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that VB is oxidized into V2O5 and B2O3, which enable the local formation of glass. The autonomic self‐healing effect is demonstrated by an in situ experiment visualized using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It is shown that a crack could be healed by the VB oxidation products.

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Self Healing Polymers and Composites

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Mechanical and cytotoxicity testing of acrylic bone cement embedded with microencapsulated 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate

Mechanical and cytotoxicity testing of acrylic bone cement embedded with microencapsulated 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate

Self‐healing biomaterials

Autonomic Self‐Repairing Glassy Materials

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