The L type calcium channel agonist (؎)Bay K 8644 has been reported to cause characteristic motor abnormalities in adult mice. The current study shows that administration of this drug can also cause the unusual phenomenon of self-injurious biting, particularly when given to young mice. Self-biting is provoked by injecting small quantities of (؎)Bay K 8644 directly into the lateral ventricle of the brain, suggesting a central effect of the drug. Similar behaviors can be provoked by administration of another L type calcium channel agonist, FPL 64176. The self-biting provoked by (؎)Bay K 8644 can be inhibited by pretreating the mice with dihydropyridine L type calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine, nimodipine, or nitrendipine. However, self-biting is not inhibited by nondihydropyridine antagonists including diltiazem, flunarizine, or verapamil. The known actions of (؎)Bay K 8644 as an L type calcium channel agonist, the reproduction of similar behavior with another L type calcium channel agonist, and the protection afforded by certain L type calcium channel antagonists implicate calcium channels in the mediation of the self-biting behavior. This phenomenon provides a model for studying the neurobiology of this unusual behavior. S elf-biting (SB) and other self-injurious behavior (SIB) may occur in a number of different human disorders (1, 2). They are most commonly seen in developmentally disabled individuals with severe mental retardation or autism. These behaviors also occur in specific neurogenetic diseases such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, Rett's syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, and neuroacanthocytosis. The neurobiology of these peculiar behaviors is incompletely understood, and several animal models have been developed to study pathophysiology and potential treatments (3). For example, SB and SIB may be provoked in rodents after high doses or chronic administration of drugs that promote dopamine release such as amphetamine, GBR-12909, and pemoline (4-8). SB and SIB also occur in rodents after stimulation of dopamine receptors if brain dopamine neurons are destroyed during early development (9). Clonidine (10, 11) and the methylxanthines caffeine and theophylline can also provoke these behaviors at high doses, though the mechanism by which they do so remains unclear (6,12,13).To date, calcium channels have received little attention as mediators or potential therapeutic targets for SB or SIB. Calcium channels are expressed throughout the nervous system and in other organs, where they play an important role in stimulusresponse coupling. Several calcium channel subtypes are currently recognized by their different pharmacological and electrophysiological properties (14). The L type calcium channel is voltage-gated and allows a transient influx of calcium in response to cell membrane depolarization. Within the brain, these channels are expressed at particularly high levels in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus (15-18).(Ϯ)Bay K 8644 functions as an L type calcium channel activator tha...