Self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors that differentiate soldiers who attempt suicide from those with recent suicide ideation

Naifeh, James A.; Nock, Matthew K.; Dempsey, Catherine L.; Georg, Matthew W.; Bartolanzo, Danielle; Ng, Tsz Hin Hinz; Aliaga, Pablo A.; Dinh, Hieu M.; Fullerton, Carol S.; Mash, Holly B. Herberman; Kao, Tzu‐Cheg; Sampson, Nancy A.; Wynn, Gary H.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Stein, Murray B.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Ursano, Robert J.

doi:10.1002/da.23016

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It is now clear that suicidal behaviors are genetically complex—as are most neuropsychiatric traits (Wendt, Pathak, Tylee, Goswami, & Polimanti, 2020)—and the evidence suggests that many common variants each of small effect contribute to risk (with the possibility of rare variants conferring greater risk) (Sokolowski & Wasserman, 2020). Epidemiological studies have taught us that risk factors for various aspects of self‐harm (i.e., ideation, attempts, and deaths) are only partially overlapping (Naifeh et al, 2020; Nock et al, 2013), and that a one‐model‐fits‐all scenario is unlikely to be accurate. These lessons have filtered down to the genetic epidemiological study of self‐harm where, increasingly, studies are each centered on one stage or type of self‐harm (e.g., suicide ideation; SAs; violent SAs; and suicide deaths).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygenic risk for major depression is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of personal and parental history of major depression

Stein

Jain

Campbell‐Sills

et al. 2021

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Suicide is a major public health problem. The contribution of common genetic variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) independent of personal and parental history of MDD has not been established. Polygenic risk score (using PRS-CS) for MDD was calculated for US Army soldiers of European ancestry. Associations between polygenic risk for MDD and lifetime suicide attempt (SA) were tested in models that also included parental or personal history of MDD. Models were adjusted for age, sex, tranche (where applicable), and 10 principal components reflecting ancestry. In the first cohort, 417 (6.3%) of 6,573 soldiers reported a lifetime history of SA. In a multivariable model that included personal [OR = 3.83, 95% CI:3.09-4.75] and parental history of MDD [OR = 1.43, 95% CI:1.13-1.82 for one parent and OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.20-2.26 for both parents), MDD PRS was significantly associated with SA (OR = 1.22 [95% CI:1.10-1.36]). In the second cohort, 204 (4.2%) of 4,900 soldiers reported a lifetime history of SA. In a multivariable model that included personal [OR = 3.82, 95% CI:2.77-5.26] and parental history of MDD [OR = 1.42, 95% CI:0.996-2.03 for one parent and OR = 2.21, 95% CI:1.33-3.69 for both parents) MDD PRS continued to be associated (at p = .0601) with SA (OR = 1.15 [95% CI:0.994-1.33]). A soldier's PRS for MDD conveys information about likelihood of a lifetime SA beyond that conveyed by two predictors readily obtainable by interview: personal or parental history of MDD. Results remain to be extended to prospective prediction of incident SA. These findings portend a role for PRS in risk stratification for suicide attempts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polygenic risk for major depression is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of personal and parental history of major depression

Stein

Jain

Campbell‐Sills

et al. 2021

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…In military populations, Kimbrel et al (2016) found that among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans, half of whom were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), those who reported a history of NSSI were more likely to report a history of suicide attempts than veterans without a history of NSSI. A study conducted by Naifeh et al (2020) found that a history of NSSI differentiated active duty soldiers with a recent suicide attempt from those with a history of suicidal ideation who did not attempt. A prospective study conducted by Bryan et al (2015) found that NSSI predicted suicide attempts in a sample of active duty soldiers receiving outpatient treatment for suicidal ideation and/or a recent suicide attempt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐suicidal self‐injury in US military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Kachadourian

Nichter

Herzog

et al. 2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Background To evaluate the prevalence of lifetime non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among US military veterans and identify sociodemographic, military, psychiatric and clinical correlates associated with NSSI. Methods Data were analysed from the 2019–2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a contemporary, nationally representative survey of 4069 US veterans. Outcomes measured included lifetime history of NSSI, trauma history, lifetime and current DSM‐V mental disorders and lifetime and recent suicidal behaviours. Results The overall prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [3.6%, 4.9%]). Multivariable analyses revealed that veterans who endorsed lifetime NSSI were more likely to be younger, female, non‐Caucasian, unmarried or unpartnered, and to have a lower annual household income. Veterans who endorsed lifetime NSSI reported more adverse childhood experiences and lifetime traumas and were more likely to have experienced military sexual trauma. They also were more likely to screen positive for lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorders and to have attempted suicide. Finally, lifetime NSSI was associated with current MDD, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorders, as well as past‐year suicidal ideation. Conclusion Results of this study provide the first‐known data on the epidemiology of NSSI in US military veterans. They suggest that certain correlates can help identify veterans who may be at greater risk for engaging in NSSI, as well as the potential prognostic utility of lifetime NSSI in predicting current psychiatric problems and suicide risk in this population.

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“…Multivariate risk score 1 (RS-1) includes sociodemographic variables (gender, age, race, education, marital status). Covariate selection for the remaining three risk scores was based on previously published findings (Naifeh et al, 2019(Naifeh et al, , 2020 in which we systematically identified SAQ-based risk factors associated with SA in the parent sample. Multivariate risk score 2 (RS-2) differentiated SA from the general population (Naifeh et al, 2019) and includes sociodemographic, stressful event, and mental disorder variables.…”

Section: Multivariate Risk Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RS-3 includes gender, education, PTSD, and intermittent explosive disorder (IED) (Naifeh et al, 2019). RS-4 expanded the RS-3 model by adding to it previous self-injurious thoughts/behaviors: history of suicide plan/intention, controllability of worst-week suicide ideation, and frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury (Naifeh et al, 2020) (see Supplemental Materials for more details about the risk scores).…”

Section: Multivariate Risk Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included two control groups: one selected and weighted to represent the Army general population at our study sites; and one selected to represent the subset of soldiers who reported 12-month SI. ER and DI were compared between soldiers with recent SA and both control groups in univariate models and in models that used multivariate risk scores to adjust for other variables (sociodemographic characteristics, mental disorders, and history of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors) previously found to be associated with SA in the same population (Naifeh et al, 2019(Naifeh et al, , 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of emotion reactivity and distress intolerance with suicide attempts in U.S. Army soldiers

Naifeh

Nock

Dempsey

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Introduction: Emotion reactivity (ER) and distress intolerance (DI) may be associated with increased suicide attempt (SA) risk among U.S. Army soldiers. Method:In this case-control study, 74 soldiers recently hospitalized for SA (cases) were compared with 133 control soldiers from the same Army installations selected based on either propensity score matching (n = 103) or reported 12-month suicide ideation (SI) (n = 30). Controls were weighted to represent the total Army population at the study sites and the subpopulation of 12-month ideators. Participants completed questionnaires assessing ER, DI, and other psychosocial variables. Logistic regression analyses examined whether ER and DI differentiated SA cases from the general population and from 12-month ideators before and after controlling for additional important risk factors (sociodemographic characteristics, stressors, mental disorders). Results:In univariate analyses, ER differentiated SA cases from both the general population (OR = 2.5[95%CI = 1.7-3.6]) and soldiers with 12-month SI ). DI also differentiated cases from the general population

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Self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors that differentiate soldiers who attempt suicide from those with recent suicide ideation

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Polygenic risk for major depression is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of personal and parental history of major depression

Polygenic risk for major depression is associated with lifetime suicide attempt in US soldiers independent of personal and parental history of major depression

Non‐suicidal self‐injury in US military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

Association of emotion reactivity and distress intolerance with suicide attempts in U.S. Army soldiers

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