Self-interacting dark matter from a SU(3)L⊗U(1)N electroweak model

Abstract

Recently it has been shown that models which consider self-interacting particles as dark matter candidates can be able to account with practically all the discrepancies between N-body simulations and astronomical observations of the galactic structure. In the present work we show that the 3-3-1 electroweak model can provide a realistic candidate to this kind of dark matter. This dark matter particle is not arbitrarily imposed and no new symmetry is needed to stabilize it.

3-3-1 model with inert scalar triplet

“…As a result of 3-3-1 gauge symmetry and its particle content, the gauge interactions, minimal Yukawa Lagrangian and minimal scalar potential of the theory normally couple new particles concerned in pairs in interacting with the standard model particles, similarly to superparticles in supersymmetry [7,17]. Therefore, the extended sectors in 3-3-1 models such as scalar, fermion and gauge have usually been thought to provide some candidates for dark matter.…”

“…Consequently, the conserved and unbroken W parity, similarly to R parity in supersymmetry, can be resulted as a residual parity transforms trivially that is useless for these models in responsibility to the problem of dark matter [7]. On the other hand, it is well-known that the 3-3-1 model with righthanded neutrinos might actually accommodate potential candidates for dark matter [17].…”

“…The lightest particle resided in the "inert" scalar triplet η is thus stabilized responsible for dark matter, while the remaining scalars ρ, χ develop the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) for breaking the gauge symmetry and mass generation in a correct way like the economical 3-3-1 model. This approach is completely distinguished from the previous studies [7,17] because it is based on the economical 3-3-1 model (with lepton number violation responsible for neutrino masses) as a consequence other than the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos (with the lepton number conserved which is unrealistic). Also, its results-the dark matter candidate and phenomenology as recognized are entirely different from that of the inert doublet model [21] as well as those in [7,17].…”

“…This approach is completely distinguished from the previous studies [7,17] because it is based on the economical 3-3-1 model (with lepton number violation responsible for neutrino masses) as a consequence other than the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos (with the lepton number conserved which is unrealistic). Also, its results-the dark matter candidate and phenomenology as recognized are entirely different from that of the inert doublet model [21] as well as those in [7,17]. By the same way, the minimal 3-3-1 model can behave as a reduced 3-3-1 model [22] while containing an inert scalar triplet responsible for dark matter.…”

Supersymmetric reduced minimal 3-3-1 model

“…(1) The family number must be three; (2) It explains why sin 2 θ W < 1 4 is observed; (3) They are the simplest models that include bileptons of both types: scalar and vectors ones; (4) It solves the strong CP problem, the Peccei-Quinn symmetry occurs also naturally in these models [6]; (5) The models have several sources of CP violation [7,8]; (6) Allow the quantization of electric charge [9]; (7) Since one generation of quarks is treated differently from the others this may lead to a natural explanation for the large mass of the top quark [12]; (8) The models also produce a good candidate for Self-Interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) since there are two Higgs bosons, one scalar and one pseudoscalar, which have the properties of candidates for dark matter like stability, neutrality and that it must not overpopulate the universe [13], etc.…”