Self-Management Nursing Intervention for Controlling Glucose among Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

As the diabetic population increases, self-management of diabetes, a chronic disease, is important. Given that self-management nursing interventions using various techniques have been developed, an analysis of their importance is crucial. This study aimed to identify the overall effects of self-management nursing interventions on primary (HbA1c) and secondary (self-care, self-efficacy, fasting blood sugar level blood pressure, lipid, body mass index, waist circumference, distress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life) outcomes in diabetes. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used. The meta-analysis involved the synthesis of effect size; tests of homogeneity and heterogeneity; trim and fill plot; Egger’s regression test; and Begg’s test for assessing publication bias. The overall effect on HbA1c was −0.55, suggesting a moderate effect size, with HbA1c decreasing significantly after nursing interventions. Among the nursing interventions, the overall effect on HbA1c of nurse management programs, home visiting, and customized programs was −0.25, −0.61, and −0.65, respectively, a small or medium effect size, and was statistically significant. Healthcare professionals may encourage people with diabetes to engage in self-management of their glucose levels, such as patient-centered customized intervention. Interventions that reflect the individual’s characteristics and circumstances are effective in enabling self-management.

5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023

“…There are opportunities for diabetes health care professionals to routinely monitor and screen psychosocial status in a timely and efficient manner for referral to appropriate services (324,325). Various health care professionals working with people with diabetes may contribute to psychosocial care in different ways based on training, experience, need, and availability (313,326,327). Ideally, qualified mental health professionals with specialized training and experience in diabetes should be integrated with or provide collaborative care as part of diabetes care teams (328)(329)(330)(331), or referrals for in-depth assessment and treatment for psychosocial concerns should be made to such mental health professionals when indicated (314,332,333).…”

Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia as the Achilles’ Heel for Improving Suboptimal Diabetes Care: An Integrative Review

“…Academic profiling, comprising but not limited to benchmarking [52], medical audits, and feedback on prescribing habits, may improve the achievement of treatment targets (HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol) and prescribing skills, respectively. For nurses and diabetes educators, interventions that are similar to those mentioned above could enable them to use evidence-based protocols to provide diabetes management, including treatment initiation or intensification, as these professionals have been observed to succeed better than physicians in bringing glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels under control [23,53]. Pharmacists are another group of healthcare professionals who could lead interventions to provide medication therapy management services, if they have sufficient autonomy to provide medication review and make guidelinebased medication adjustments [23].…”

Analysis of Rehabilitation Effect of Neurology Nursing on Stroke Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influence on Quality of Life and Negative Emotion Score

“…DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic increase of blood glucose level. Long-term hyperglycemia will lead to dysfunction of various tissues such as the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves [ 2 ]. DM is the disease with the highest incidence in the world at present.…”