Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose to Assess Dawn Phenomenon in Chinese People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Aims. We investigated whether self-monitoring of blood glucose could be used to assess dawn phenomenon in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. A total of 306 people with T2DM underwent continuous glucose monitoring and self-monitoring of blood glucose for 72 h. A linear model was used to fit the optimal linear formula of the magnitude of dawn phenomenon (ΔDawn) and self-monitoring of blood glucose values. Results. The prevalence of dawn phenomenon was similar within different oral antidiabetic drug groups (42.5%, 31.5%, and 40.9%, P = 0.216). Multiple variable linear regression showed that prebreakfast, prelunch, and predinner glucose measurements were independently and significantly correlated with ΔDawn. The linear formula between ΔDawn and blood glucose was as follows: ΔDawn (mg/dL) = 0.557 × prebreakfast − 0.065 × prelunch − 0.164 × predinner − 20.894 (mg/dL) (adjusted R2 = 0.302, P = 0.000). Conclusions. Dawn phenomenon could be partly assessed by blood glucose self-monitoring in Chinese people with T2DM using the abovementioned formula. The incidence of dawn phenomenon was similar among patients in different oral antidiabetic drug groups.

Assessment of postprandial hyperglycemia and circadian fluctuation of glucose concentrations in diabetic dogs using a flash glucose monitoring system

“…In humans with DM, PPH is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, retinopathy, and glomerulopathy as well as decreased overall glycemic control and quality of life 7 . Additionally, nocturnal hypoglycemia and early morning hyperglycemia occur in diabetic humans at a prevalence ranging from 12.6% to 68% and 3% to 55%, respectively 8‐11 . Documentation of PPH and changes in circadian glucose concentrations in humans by the use of continuous glucose monitoring devices allows for interventions and preventative strategies that improve diabetic control as well as patient confidence and compliance 6,12‐14 …”

“…7 Additionally, nocturnal hypoglycemia and early morning hyperglycemia occur in diabetic humans at a prevalence ranging from 12.6% to 68% and 3% to 55%, respectively. [8][9][10][11] Documentation of PPH and changes in circadian glucose concentrations in humans by the use of continuous glucose monitoring devices allows for interventions and preventative strategies that improve diabetic control as well as patient confidence and compliance. 6,[12][13][14] Postprandial hyperglycemia also has been documented in dogs.…”

The impact of dusk phenomenon on total glucose exposure in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes

“…[ 11 ] The incidence of dawn phenomenon was similar among patients with different oral antidiabetic drugs, even when given as combined therapies. [ 12 , 13 ] By using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMs), dawn phenomenon could be determined by the difference between nocturnal nadir and pre-breakfast glucose levels. [ 11 ]…”