Self-Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbons Derived from Poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) for the Removal of Toxic Dye Pollutants from Wastewater: Non-Linear Isotherm and Kinetic Analysis

Abstract

The high surface area and porosity of self-nitrogen-doped porous carbons (SNPCs) nominates them for potential application in water treatment due to their high efficiency towards the removal of various pollutants. In this study, SNPCs were fabricated from poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene) (P(1,5-DANPh) by single and simultaneous carbonization at the activation step at different temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C). The carbonization’s temperature plays a vital role in controlling the nitrogen-doping, surface area, porosity, and morphology of SNPCs. The SNPCs-7 sample prepared at 700 °C showed the highest surface area (1678.8 m2 g−1) with pore volume (0.943 cm3 g−1) with a micro/meso porous structure. The prepared SNPCs were used as an effective adsorbent for removal of crystal violet dye (CV) from contaminated water. SNPCs-7 showed the highest adsorption of 487.53 mg g−1 and the adsorption capacity of the SNPCs samples follows the order SNPCs-7 > SNPCs-8 > SNPCs-6, which is consistent with the results of their surface area and porosity. The adsorption for CV dye followed Freundlich isotherm models and a pseudo second order kinetic model. The negative values of Gipps free energy (ΔG°) and positive value of enthalpy (ΔH°) indicated that the adsorption of CV dye onto the surface of SNPCs was a spontaneous and endothermic process, respectively. Based on the results, the adsorption mechanism of CV dye onto the surface of SNPCs was proposed.

Enhanced Adsorption of Textile Dyes by a Novel Sulfonated Activated Carbon Derived from Pomegranate Peel Waste: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study

“…PPAC has a higher surface area (1180.63 m 2 /g) than other types of activated carbon reported in the literature [34,40,45]. It is evident from Table 2 that the adsorption capacities of S-PPAC are higher than the reported adsorbents, although some adsorbents exhibited higher surface areas [38,44,46,47]. These findings suggest that S-PPAC holds promise as an effective adsorbent for purifying wastewater contaminated with cationic dyes.…”

“…Notably, the adsorption capacity of S-PPAC at different temperatures exceeds that of PPAC, indicating the efficacy of the sulfonation process in enhancing adsorption sites through the introduction of sulfonate groups. Specifically, the adsorption capacity value of PPAC is 552.79 mg/g at 298 K and increases to 606.7 mg/g as the temperature rises to 318 K. Similarly, the adsorption capacity of S-PPAC increases from 667.84 to 785.53 m/g as the temperature elevates from 298 to 318 K. [34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. PPAC has a higher surface area (1180.63 m 2 /g) than other types of activated carbon reported in the literature [34,40,45].…”

Highly efficient and reusable polymeric nanofibers for cationic dye removal: isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic study

“…8 The adsorbent is indeed a critical component of the adsorption process, and its cost is a significant factor in the overall cost of the process. 9 Adsorbents of various kinds, such as activated carbon, mineral oxides, resins, and biosorbents, have been used to remove and recover organic contaminants from wastewater. 10 Due to their unique properties, easy handling and separation after an adsorption process, polymer nanofiber adsorbents have become increasingly popular among these.…”

Activated Carbon-Incorporated Tragacanth Gum Hydrogel Biocomposite: A Promising Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions

“…This procedure has various advantages, including ease of use, low cost, and the ability to remove a wide spectrum of dyes [12]. Many materials have been studied as adsorbents, with biomass, activated carbon, and hydrogels being the most commonly used due to their unique properties [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”