Self-Objectification, Risk Taking, and Self-Harm in College Women

Muehlenkamp, Jennifer J.; Swanson, Jenny D.; Brausch, Amy M.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00164.x

Cited by 123 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Mild aspects of dissociation may also contribute to some of the bodily disturbances observed among individuals with NSSI and ED. Some researchers acknowledge that a negative attitude toward the body and disconnection from bodily experiences (e.g., alexithymia) may be a critical component in both NSSI and ED (Muehlenkamp, Swanson & Braush, 2005;Walsh, 2012) because dissatisfaction may promote devaluing of the body alongside views of the body as a hated object, which make it easier to harm. The increased rates of body dissatisfaction among those who engage in NSSI are even notable within ED patients, who conceptually already suffer from high levels of body dissatisfaction .…”

Section: Proximal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders: Dimensions of Self-Harm

Claes

Muehlenkamp

2013

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Eating Disorders

Self Cite

117

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Both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and eating disorders (ED) are considered to be harmful behaviors falling within a behavioral spectrum ranging from self-care to self-harm. The high degree of co-occurrence of these behaviors, along with their shared body focus has motivated researchers to investigate and theorize about the potential shared factors driving their comorbidity. In this chapter, we present a conceptual model based upon the current empirical literature depicting distal and proximal psychosocial risk factors shared by NSSI and ED. This model provides a framework for understanding the co-occurrence of NSSI and ED, with the different components being further elaborated on and discussed with regards to treatment recommendations across the different chapters included in this volume. The chapter concludes with a short introduction and summary of each of the chapters within this book.

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Section: Proximal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders: Dimensions of Self-Harm

Claes

Muehlenkamp

2013

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Eating Disorders

Self Cite

117

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“…Empirical studies have demonstrated that both interpersonal forms (Hill & Fischer, 2007;Kozee & Tylka, 2006; Running head: OBJECTIFICATION THEORY AND COSMETIC SURGERY 5 Kozee, Tylka, Augustus-Horvath, & Denchik, 2007;Moradi, Dirks, & Matteson, 2005) and media forms (Harper & Tiggemann, 2008;Morry & Staska, 2001) of sexual objectification contribute to self-objectification. Moreover, there is strong evidence from studies of women across North America, Australia, and the U.K. indicating that self-objectification, and the concomitant self-surveillance, exact significant costs on womenÕs subjective well-being (Breines, Crocker, & Garcia, 2008;Fairchild & Rudman, 2008) and cognitive performance (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998;Quinn, Kallen, Twenge, & Fredrickson, 2006), with a greater prevalence of self-harming behavior (Harell, Fredrickson, Pomerleau, Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006;Muehlenkamp, Swanson, & Brausch, 2005) and a disproportionately higher rate of mental health risks, including depression (Grabe, Hyde, & Lindberg, 2007;Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004), disordered eating (Calogero, Davis, & Thompson, 2005;Tylka & Hill, 2004), and sexual dysfunction (Calogero & Thompson, 2009b;Steer & Tiggemann, 2008). In particular, researchers have identified body shameÑthe degree to which women feel ashamed of their bodies when they perceive them as falling short of feminine beauty ideals (McKinley & Hyde, 1996)Ñas a key negative emotional consequence of self-objectification (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997;Moradi & Huang, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objectification Theory Predicts College Women’s Attitudes Toward Cosmetic Surgery

et al. 2010

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This study investigated cosmetic surgery attitudes within the framework of objectification theory. One hundred predominantly White, British undergraduate women completed self-report measures of impression management, global self-esteem, interpersonal sexual objectification, self-surveillance, body shame, and three components of cosmetic surgery attitudes. As expected, each of the objectification theory variables predicted greater consideration of having cosmetic surgery in the future. Also, as expected, sexual objectification and body shame uniquely predicted social motives for cosmetic surgery, whereas self-surveillance uniquely predicted intrapersonal motives for cosmetic surgery. These findings suggest that womenÕs acceptance of cosmetic surgery as a way to manipulate physical appearance can be partially explained by the degree to which they view themselves through the lenses of sexual and self-objectification.

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“…Moreover, there is strong evidence from studies of women across North America, Australia, and the United Kingdom that higher self-objectification, and the concomitant self-surveillance, may exact significant costs on womenÕs subjective well-being (Breines, Crocker, & Garcia, 2008;Fairchild & Rudman, 2008) and cognitive performance (Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, & Twenge, 1998;Quinn, Kallen, Twenge, & Fredrickson, 2006). These costs include self-harming behavior (Harrell, Fredrickson, Pomerleau, Nolen-Hoeksema, 2006;Muehlenkamp, Swanson, & Brausch, 2005), cosmetic surgical procedures (Calogero, Pina, Park, & Rahemtulla, 2010), and a higher rate of mental health risks, including depression (Grabe, Hyde, & Lindberg, 2007;Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004), disordered eating (Calogero, Davis, & Thompson, 2005;Tylka & Hill, 2004), and poor sexual functioning (Calogero & Thompson, 2009;Steer & Tiggemann, 2008).…”

Section: Self-objectification and Related Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Guilt

Calogero

Pina

2011

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Two studies investigated body guilt (i.e., feeling regret and remorse over how the body looks and a desire for reparative action to ÒfixÓ the body) within the framework of objectification theory among predominantly White British undergraduate women. In Study 1 (N=225), participants completed self-report measures of interpersonal sexual objectification, self-surveillance, body shame, body guilt, and eating restraint. Path analyses indicated support for the inclusion of body guilt in the objectification model, with body shame and body guilt fully mediating the relationship between self-surveillance and eating restraint. In Study 2 (N=85), participants reported higher body guilt, self-surveillance, body shame, and eating restraint when selfobjectification was situationally activated, compared to the activation of body empowerment or a neutral condition. Path analyses in the second study replicated the objectification model from Study 1 with a state measure of self-objectification. These findings suggest that women also feel guilt (in addition to shame) about their bodies when attention is directed toward their physical appearance and wish to ÒcorrectÓ their body via disordered eating. Acknowledging womenÕs feelings of guilt in relation to not meeting restrictive beauty standards furthers our understanding of womenÕs experience of objectification, and provides an additional target for reducing womenÕs mental health risks.

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Self-Objectification, Risk Taking, and Self-Harm in College Women

Cited by 123 publications

References 51 publications

Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders: Dimensions of Self-Harm

Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders: Dimensions of Self-Harm

Objectification Theory Predicts College Women’s Attitudes Toward Cosmetic Surgery

Body Guilt

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