2021
DOI: 10.3390/rs13153017
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Self-Organization Characteristics of Lunar Regolith Inferred by Yutu-2 Lunar Penetrating Radar

Abstract: Most previous studies tend to simplify the lunar regolith as a homogeneous medium. However, the lunar regolith is not completely homogeneous, because there are weak reflections from the lunar regolith layer. In this study, we examined the weak heterogeneity of the lunar regolith layer using a self-organization model by matching the reflection pattern of both the lunar regolith layer and the top of the ejecta layer. After a series of numerical experiments, synthetic results show great consistency with the obser… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…7 ). Such a method has been applied previously for verifying the imaging results of lunar penetrating radar data 16 , 17 , 50 , 51 . In our interpretation of the radar profile, we focus on the reflection pattern in the depth range in which radar signals are visible.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…7 ). Such a method has been applied previously for verifying the imaging results of lunar penetrating radar data 16 , 17 , 50 , 51 . In our interpretation of the radar profile, we focus on the reflection pattern in the depth range in which radar signals are visible.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, we neglected dielectric loss in the numerical model. We applied the finite-difference method to solve the Helmholtz equation in the numerical simulation 16 , 17 , 50 , 51 . We compared the simulation results with the observation and adjusted the sizes and spatial distribution of rocks (Extended Data Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The heterogeneity of the lunar regolith strongly affects the radar sounding over the lunar surface, especially for the radar operation on a high-frequency channel (e.g., ground-based Arecibo radar, space-borne Min-SAR and Mini-RF, and in situ LPR) (Fa & Wieczorek 2012;Shkuratov & Bondarenko 2001;Spudis et al 2010;Stickle et al 2016;Ding et al 2020c;Zhang et al 2021). The high heterogeneity of the lunar regolith leads to radar scattering being more complicated; for example, it elevates the radar circular polarization ratio (CPR) value, which might be cause to misjudge the existence of water ice in the anomalous craters on the Moon (Fa & Eke 2018;Liu et al 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A larger perturbation would introduce a much lower velocity, which requires a smaller spatial interval for a reliable simulation (Zhang & Yao, 2013), thereby incurring a very high computational cost. The average diameter of rocky blocks used in our simulations is approximately 300 m, which is much larger than those detected on the lunar surface (Zhang, Lv, et al, 2021;Zhang, Zhou, et al, 2021). A smaller diameter would better exhibit the phenomenon of trapped waves, but is computationally intensive.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%