Self-organization in a chromium thin film under laser irradiation

Gedvilas, Mindaugas; Račiukaitis, Gediminas; Regelskis, K.

doi:10.1007/s00339-008-4638-4

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The beam of a nanosecond laser tightly focused to a line was applied for the backside ablation of the chromium thin film on a glass substrate [20,21,22,23]. The stripe of the film ablated with a single laser pulse had sharp edges on both sides and ridges of the melted metal around it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Set of experiments and modeling procedures were implemented in order to understand physical processes causing self-organization of the metal film into regular structures. Depending on the process parameters, the ripple formation was regular [25]. A model of the ripple formation was developed and is presented here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numbers below (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 20) indicate the number of laser pulses with the shift between them of x = 0.4 μm applied to remove the metal in the area. Laser fluence F 0 = 2.04 J/cm 2 , the laser spot was 2.5 μm × 2.5 mm oriented vertically (reprinted from[25]). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Gedvilas

Račiukaitis

Kucikas

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Articles you may be interested inSimple formula for the interspaces of periodic grating structures self-organized on metal surfaces by femtosecond laser ablation Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 174106 (2013); 10.1063/1.4803940Self-organized, gratinglike nanostructures in polymer films with embedded metal nanoparticles induced by femtosecond laser irradiation J. Appl. Phys. 108, 073114 (2010); 10.1063/1.3490191 Patterning polycrystalline thin films by defocused ion beam: The influence of initial morphology on the evolution of self-organized nanostructures Abstract. Metal films on transparent substrates are widely used in industry for mask production, and lasers are frequently applied for their patterning. The quality of patterning is limited by fundamental phenomena taking place close to edges of the laser ablated area. We investigated transformations in metal films experimentally and numerically during their irradiation with the laser beam with fluences above the ablation threshold. The beam of a nanosecond pulse laser tightly focused by aspheric cylindrical lens to a stripe (2.5 μm × 2.5 mm) was applied for the back-side ablation of the chromium thin film on a glass substrate. Two phases, the initiation and growth of periodical structures in a thin metal film, were distinguished. The prolonged holes were ablated with a single laser pulse. Ridges of the resolidified metal with increased but not uniform thickness were always present on edges of the cleaned area. Instabilities during the ablation process forced the molten metal in the ridges to agglomerate into droplets with the predictable periodicity. The average ratio of the droplet formation period to the radius of the resolidified ridge was found to be close to 9.0, which was a clear evidence of the Rayleigh-Plateau instability along the molten ridge. Use of overlapping laser pulses to extend the cleaned area initiated self-organization of chromium on the glass substrate. The droplets on ridges were starting points for formation of ripples from the metal film by irradiation with partially overlapping laser pulses. Growth of a highly periodical structure of metal on glass was observed in a certain range of process parameters, depending on the pulse energy and the beam overlap. The ripples were located with a period of 2.5-4 m parallel to the direction of the laser spot shift. The initial droplets and later the ripples were acting as heat sinks that cooled down the metal in their close proximity. The COMSOL finite element modeling revealed that temperature modulation along the laser irradiation spot was high enough to initiate the Marangoni effect which resulted in movement of the molten metal from hot to colder areas. After each laser pulse the process lasted as long as the liquid phase existed. The time when chromium remained in liquid phase was estimated to be as long as 100 ns. The distance that chromium in molten film traveled because of Marangoni convection before it solidified has been evaluated by multiplying Marangoni speed and lifetime of the liquid phase and i...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Gedvilas

Račiukaitis

Kucikas

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…8 on the right side. This self-organizing pattern is not explained fully as of now, but it might be related to the appearance of a similar structure discussed in M. Gedvilas et al 15 Another reason might be the MoSe 2 layer that exists in between the Mo and the CIGS as described in M. Rekow et al 16 Developing an ablation process with ns laser pulses did not lead to reliable results. This long pulse duration at a wavelength of 532 nm is depositing too much heat in the affected area and causes melting, cracks and destruction in the underlying Mo layer.…”

Section: Cigs Layer Ablationmentioning

confidence: 83%

Investigation of a reliable all-laser scribing process in thin film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂manufacturing

Witte¹,

Frei²,

Schneeberger³

et al. 2013

SPIE Proceedings

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New developments in the thin film solar market continue the trend towards solar modules with higher energy conversion while at the same time, reducing significantly manufacturing costs. Especially thin film technologies based on Cadmiumtellurid (CdTe) or Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGS) seem to be suited to improve the energy conversion and hence, take over larger market shares. With this work, we present our latest achievements towards a CIGS all laser scribing process with the emphasis on structuring the absorber layer and its implications to the production. While P1 laser scribing through the substrate is already implemented in production today a variety of different approaches, like lift-off, ablation, or remelting are possible for the P2 process where commonly a mechanical process is state of the art. One challenge which the P2 and P3 processes face is the layer side processing. Therefore a thorough investigation has been conducted including different laser wavelengths (355 nm to 1550 nm), pulse durations (10 ps to 100 ns), and beam shaping to find the best possible solution for each scribing process. Optimization took place utilizing not only resistance measurement and optical microscopy but also LSM, REM, EDX, EL, and Lock-In Thermography. Combining the best results of each scribing process and using a high speed, high accuracy motion system a functional lab size module has been produced with a reduced dead zone of below 200 µm. In an outlook, a way is presented on how to take the lab results into a productive system and place it in a manufacturing environment.

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“…In our previous research, the beam of a nanosecond laser tightly focused to a line was applied for the back-side ablation of the thin chromium film on the glass substrate [13][14][15]. The stripe-like area ablated with a single laser pulse had cylindrical ridges of the melted metal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of capillarity forces on the steady-state self-organization in the thin chromium film on glass under laser irradiation

et al. 2014

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Self-organization in a chromium thin film under laser irradiation

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Investigation of a reliable all-laser scribing process in thin film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂manufacturing

Impact of capillarity forces on the steady-state self-organization in the thin chromium film on glass under laser irradiation

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Self-organization in a chromium thin film under laser irradiation

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Driving forces for self-organization in thin metal films during their partial ablation with a cylindrically focused laser beam

Investigation of a reliable all-laser scribing process in thin film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2manufacturing

Impact of capillarity forces on the steady-state self-organization in the thin chromium film on glass under laser irradiation

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Investigation of a reliable all-laser scribing process in thin film Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂manufacturing