A liquid crystalline block copolymer,
composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polymethacrylate (PMA)-bearing
azobenzene (Az) mesogen side chains, uniquely forms perpendicularly
oriented PEO cylinders in a film on various substrates, independent
of the substrate surface energy. In this paper, it is revealed that
the perpendicular cylinders are formed at the air interface of the
block copolymer film, as the perpendicular cylinders and liquid crystal
structures were observed only in the vicinity of the air interface
for a block copolymer film annealed for a short period of 5 s. On
the basis of this mechanism of air-interface-induced perpendicular
cylinder formation, we developed a surface covering method to prevent
the perpendicular cylinder formation and instead induce parallel cylinder
formation. Moreover, uniaxial cylinder films were fabricated by a
combination of the surface covering and substrate rubbing methods.
The surface covering layer for controlling cylinder orientation can
be removed to utilize the block copolymer film for templating.