Self-Organized Growth of PbI-Based Layered Perovskite Quantum Well by Dual-Source Vapor Deposition

Abstract

Oriented thin films of layered perovskite compounds (RNH3)2PbI4, which possess a quantum well structure where a two-dimensional semiconductor layer of PbI4 and an organic ammonium layer of RNH3 are alternately piled up, were found to grow in a self-organizing manner on fused quartz substrates through the simple dual-source vapor deposition of organic ammonium iodide RNH3I and lead iodide PbI2. The perovskite quantum-well films showed strong exciton absorption at around 2.4 eV and sharp exciton emission even at room temperature. Further, the X ray diffraction measurement on the vacuum-deposited films demonstrated that the layer structure of the vacuum-deposited film was oriented parallel to the film plane.

Influence of Interface Morphology on Hysteresis in Vapor‐Deposited Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Vapor deposition involves heating precursor solids in high vacuum, allowing the sublimed material to uniformly condense on the substrate. [23] While vapor deposition is currently less commonly used compared with solution processing, it considerably reduces the amount of inde pendent variables, leading to highly uniform and pinholefree thin films on a consistent basis. [20] As a technique widely used in industry for organic light emitting diodes and inorganic sem iconductors, thermal vapor deposition has also been shown to have a high rate of batchtobatch reproducibility.…”

Organic-inorganic electronics

“…Multiple substrates can be placed above the two sources within the vacuum system. Assuming that the evaporation rate for the two components can be controlled and calibrated, a stoichiometric and often crystalline film of the organic-inorganic composite can be prepared [48].…”

Optical properties of organic–inorganic hybrid films prepared by the two-step growth process

“…On the contrary, the solution process is often limited due to the poor solubility of raw materials. Vapor phase deposition techniques are one of the promising candidates to overcome the difficulty [17][18][19]. By a single-source thermal ablation technique, (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbX 4 films (X ¼ Br and I) have been prepared within a very short periods (o1 s) [18].…”