Self-organized rod undulations on pre-stretched textiles

Abstract

Textile technology is a traditional approach to additive manufacturing based on one-dimensional yarn. Printing solid rods onto pre-stretched textiles creates internal stresses upon relaxation of the pre-stretch, which leads to buckling-induced out-of-plane deformation of the textile. Similar behaviors are well known to occur also in biological systems where differential growth leads to internal stresses that are responsible for the folding or wrinkling of leaves, for example. Our goal was to get a quantitative understanding of this wrinkling by a systematic experimental and numerical investigation of parallel rods printed onto a pre-stretched textile. We vary rod thickness and spacing to obtain wavelength and phase coherence of the wrinkles as a function of these parameters. We also derive a simple analytical description to rationalize these observations. The result is a simple analytical estimate for the phase diagram of behaviors that may be used for design purposes or to describe wrinkling phenomena in biological or bioinspired systems.

Direct-print thermally responsive 4D textiles by depositing PLA on prestretched fabrics

“…Like other 4D textiles, we develop textiles that change shape over time through 3D printing on textiles. They achieve either self-assembling behavior (Guiducci et al , 2022) or thermal environmental response (Leist et al , 2017), while our study merges both properties. Direct-print thermally responsive 4D textiles eliminates the need for additional thermo-mechanical programming steps, rendering its features both efficient and controlled for product development.…”

Driving macro-scale transformations in three-dimensional-printed biopolymers through controlled induction of molecular anisotropy at the nanoscale

“…Through a combination of experimental and simulation-based approaches, we further demonstrate that this induced structural anisotropy can be leveraged to induce folding/bending of the resulting printed constructs in non-intuitive directions in otherwise geometrically planar structures. By combining this induced anisotropy of the chitosan crystallites and the introduction of residual stresses from the printing of a bi-layer-like construct [67,68], with small and large-scale venation patterns that exhibit three-dimensional structural relief [71][72][73][74], such as those shown in figure 1, this technology lays the groundwork for the design of hierarchical architectures that offer different length scale-specific and tunable folding responses. If we compare our work's application space to other modern manufacturing processes inducing material or geometric anisotropy [3,48,57,75,76], our system could be useful when implemented at large scale, within difficult-to-monitor environments, and with limitations for use of simple or single materials.…”

A Novel Elastic Conductive Yarn for Smart Textile Applications

“…The sampling plan ( Figure ) was developed with 15 distinct combinations of manufacturing methods, material extensions, and blend ratios of elastomeric yarn (EY) (Sullivans, Item #86 049) [ 44 ] and SSCY (Sparkfun, DEV‐13 814) [ 45–47 ] to study the overall effects of the individual factors on the flexibility, elasticity, and conductivity of ECY samples. 2‐ply and 3‐ply yarns were interlaced using each of the three manufacturing methods (Figure 1a), with three different prestretch [ 48 ] extensions of EY (Figure 1d) and different blend ratios of SSCY (Figure 1e). Here, EY extended at 1x, 1.5x, and 2x meant no extension, 1.5 times extension, and 2 times extension of relaxed yarn length, respectively.…”