“…However, the CMAC requires a large amount of memory for solving the problem of the high dimension, 37,38 is ineffective for online learning systems, 39 and has relatively poor function approximation ability. 40,41 Another problem is that it is difficult to determine the memory structure, e.g., to adaptively select structural parameters, in the CMAC model. 42,43 Recently, several researchers have proposed various solutions for the above problems, including fuzzy membership functions, 44 selection of learning parameters, 45 topology structure, 46 spline functions, 47 and fuzzy C-means.…”