Self-oscillating floating of a spherical liquid crystal elastomer balloon under steady illumination

Cheng, Quanbao; Cheng, Wenyan; Dai, Yao; Li, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107985

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Based on stimuli-responsive materials, including liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) [ 28 ], ionic gels [ 29 , 30 ], hydrogels [ 31 , 32 ], etc., diverse self-oscillating systems have been widely developed recently. Especially, there have been numerous attempts to construct a large number of self-sustained motion patterns, such as vibration [ 33 ], bending [ 34 , 35 ], rolling [ [36] , [37] , [38] ], spinning [ 39 ], torsion [ 40 ], shuttling [ 41 ], self-oscillating auxetic metamaterials [ 42 ], self-floating [ 43 ] and self-curling [ 44 ], shrinking [ 45 ], swimming [ 46 ], swinging [ 16 , 47 ], buckling [ 48 , 49 ], jumping [ 50 , 51 ], rotation [ 52 , 53 ], chaos [ 54 ] and even synchronized motion of coupled self-oscillators [ 55 ]. In these self-oscillating systems, some special mechanisms are generally required for absorbing energy from the external environment to compensate for the dissipation consumed by the system damping [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A light-powered self-rotating liquid crystal elastomer drill

Yu,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A light-powered self-rotating liquid crystal elastomer drill

Yu,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Self-sustained oscillations are out-of-equilibrium phenomena arising from built-in negative feedback loops [ 1 ], which can directly absorb the energy from the constant environment to maintain its periodic motion by self-regulating, such as cell division, heartbeats, neural impulses, and circadian clocks. The frequency and amplitude of self-oscillation only depend on the inherent properties of the system, and the self-oscillation has no requirement for additional complex controllers or heavy batteries [ 2 , 3 ]. In addition, self-sustained oscillation generally has good robustness [ 4 ], and the stability and normal operation of various systems can be ensured based on self-sustained oscillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Sustained Euler Buckling of an Optically Responsive Rod with Different Boundary Constraints

Dai

2023

Polymers

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Self-sustained oscillations can directly absorb energy from the constant environment to maintain its periodic motion by self-regulating. As a classical mechanical instability phenomenon, the Euler compression rod can rapidly release elastic strain energy and undergo large displacement during buckling. In addition, its boundary configuration is usually easy to be modulated. In this paper, we develop a self-sustained Euler buckling system based on optically responsive liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) rod with different boundary constraints. The buckling of LCE rod results from the light-induced expansion and compressive force, and the self-buckling is maintained by the energy competition between the damping dissipation and the net work done by the effective elastic force. Based on the dynamic LCE model, the governing equations for dynamic Euler buckling of the LCE rod is formulated, and the approximate admissible trigonometric functions and Runge-Kutta method are used to solve the dynamic Euler buckling. Under different illumination parameters, there exists two motion modes of the Euler rod: the static mode and the self-buckling mode, including alternating and unilateral self-buckling modes. The triggering conditions, frequency, and amplitude of the self-sustained Euler buckling can be modulated by several system parameters and boundary constraints. Results indicate that strengthening the boundary constraint can increase the frequency and reduce the amplitude. It is anticipated that this system may open new avenues for energy harvesters, signal sensors, mechano-logistic devices, and autonomous robots.

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“…Numerous active materials have provided researchers the possibility to construct a variety of self-excited motion modes, e.g., bending [ 27 , 28 , 29 ], torsion [ 30 , 31 ], jumping [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], oscillation [ 35 ], and vibration [ 36 , 37 ]. These self-sustained motions usually arise from nonlinear feedback mechanisms that compensates for system damping dissipation through energy input [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], for instance, the self-shading mechanisms [ 41 , 42 ], the coupled chemical reaction and large deformation mechanisms [ 22 ], and the coupled air expansion and liquid column motion mechanisms [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Oscillating Curling of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Beam under Steady Light

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Self-oscillation absorbs energy from a steady environment to maintain its own continuous motion, eliminating the need to carry a power supply and controller, which will make the system more lightweight and promising for applications in energy harvesting, soft robotics, and microdevices. In this paper, we present a self-oscillating curling liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) beam-mass system, which is placed on a table and can self-oscillate under steady light. Unlike other self-sustaining systems, the contact surface of the LCE beam with the tabletop exhibits a continuous change in size during self-sustaining curling, resulting in a dynamic boundary problem. Based on the dynamic LCE model, we establish a nonlinear dynamic model of the self-oscillating curling LCE beam considering the dynamic boundary conditions, and numerically calculate its dynamic behavior using the Runge-Kutta method. The existence of two motion patterns in the LCE beam-mass system under steady light are proven by numerical calculation, namely self-curling pattern and stationary pattern. When the energy input to the system exceeds the energy dissipated by air damping, the LCE beam undergoes self-oscillating curling. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of different dimensionless parameters on the critical conditions, the amplitude and the period of the self-curling of LCE beam. Results demonstrate that the light source height, curvature coefficient, light intensity, elastic modulus, damping factor, and gravitational acceleration can modulate the self-curling amplitude and period. The self-curling LCE beam system proposed in this study can be applied to autonomous robots, energy harvesters, and micro-instruments.

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Self-oscillating floating of a spherical liquid crystal elastomer balloon under steady illumination

Cited by 30 publications

References 71 publications

A light-powered self-rotating liquid crystal elastomer drill

A light-powered self-rotating liquid crystal elastomer drill

Self-Sustained Euler Buckling of an Optically Responsive Rod with Different Boundary Constraints

Self-Oscillating Curling of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Beam under Steady Light

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