Self-Paced Resistance Training and Walking Exercise in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Effects on Neuromotor Performance

Rooks, Daniel; Kiel, Douglas P.; Parsons, Christopher; Hayes, Wilson C.

doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.3.m161

Cited by 137 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, in this study, although leg muscle strength has improved, improvement of static balance was not seen. The reason seems to be that the subject's balanced capability baseline level was higher than in previous studies (Rikli and Edwards, 1991;Rooks et al, 1997;Englund et al, 2005). Differences in the age and previous activity levels of subjects may explain the difference of a subject's balanced capability baseline level.…”

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 59%

“…Additionally, Panton et al (1990) have also reported that there was no effect of training on the reaction time of elderly adults as a result of aerobic or resistance training over 26 weeks. However, Rooks et al (1997) have reported that not only resistance training but also walking for 10 months has improved simple reaction time (13%, 11%, respectively). Our study extends the previous findings of Rikli and Edwards (1991), showing that combined exercise intervention for elderly women can improve reaction time.…”

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has consistently demonstrated that, given a stimulus of sufficient intensity, muscle strength increases in older adults (Rooks et al, 1997;Hurley, 1995;Lord et al, 1996). However, there are few exercise intervention studies in the literature examining the lower extremity muscle strength of subjects with the CS-30 test.…”

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

Cao

Maeda

Shima

et al. 2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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This study aimed to determine if combined exercise intervention improves physical performance and gait joint-kinematics including the joint angle and dynamic range of motion (ROM) related to the risk of falling in communitydwelling elderly women. A 12-week combined exercise intervention program with extra emphasis on balance, muscle strength, and walking ability was designed to improve physical performance and gait. Twenty participants attended approximately two-hour exercise sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Participants underwent a physical performance battery, including static balance, sit and reach, whole body reaction time, 10 m obstacle walk, 10 m maximal walk, 30-second chair stand, to determine a physical performance score, and received quantitative gait kinematics measurements at baseline and in 12 weeks. Significant lower extremity strength improvement 13.5% (pϽ.001) was observed, which was accompanied by significant decreases in time of the 10 m obstacle walk (pϽ.05) and whole body reaction time (pϽ.001) in this study. However, no significant differences were seen for static balance and flexibility from baseline. For gait kinematics, in the midswing phase, knee and hip joint angle changed toward flexion (pϽ.01, pϽ.05, respectively). Ankle dynamic ROM significantly increased (pϽ.05) following exercise intervention. The plantar flexion angle of the ankle in the toeoff phase was increased significantly (pϽ.01). However, other gait parameters were not significantly different from baseline. These findings from the present investigation provide evidence of significant improvements in physical performance related to the risk factors of falling and safe gait strategy with a combined exercise intervention program in communitydwelling elderly women. The results suggest this exercise intervention could be an effective approach to ameliorate the risk factors for falls and to promote safer locomotion in elderly community-dwelling women.

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Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 59%

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

Cao

Maeda

Shima

et al. 2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…Some parents in consultation with the physiotherapist devised solutions such as using a vest to hold the weights. In the literature, other solutions for adding resistance to weightbearing exercise have included the use of a weighted skin-diving belt (Rooks et al 1997). Some participants had difficulties with their feet catching on the hollow aerobic step.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative analysis of the benefits of strength training for young people with cerebral palsy

McBurney

Taylor

Dodd

et al. 2003

Develop Med Child Neuro

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This qualitative study investigated the positive and negative outcomes of a home‐based strength‐training programme for young people with cerebral palsy (CP). Eleven young people with spastic diplegic CP (seven females, four males; mean age 12 years 9 months, SD 2 years 10 months; range 8 to 18 years) and their parents were interviewed. Gross Motor Function Classification System scores ranged from I (walks without limitations) to III (walks with assistive device), with a mode of III. The strength‐training programme, which was conducted in the participants’homes three times per week for 6 weeks (total of 18 prescribed sessions), comprised three exercises targeting the major support muscles of the lower limbs. Exercises were bilateral half squats, heel raises, and step‐ups. The training load was increased by adding free weights to a backpack so that 8 to 10 repetitions of each exercise could be performed. Using thematic coding, three categories of outcome emerged: body function and structure, activity, and participation, which were influenced by environmental and personal contextual factors. The programme generated overwhelmingly positive outcomes with only minor negative responses about some equipment and the need for parental involvement. Benefits included perceptions that strength, flexibility, posture, walking, and the ability to negotiate steps had improved. In addition, participants reported psychological benefits such as a feeling of increased well‐being and improved participation in school and leisure activities. The contextual factors highlighted the fact that sufficient clinician resources must be allocated to solve individual exercise and equipment problems. As well as providing further evidence that strength training can be beneficial, this study provides useful indicators to guide future quantitative studies of outcomes that are meaningful for people with CP.

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“…In addition, resistance training also prevents and rehabilitates orthopedic injuries, 1,2 and maintains functional stability and independence into older age. 3,4 The benefi ts of promoting resistance training in older people are especially important since the percentage of individuals 65 years and older in the U.S between 1995-2030 will increase by 107%, and those 85 and older will increase by 133%. Interestingly, those under the age of 65 will only increase by 21%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Tanton

Cappaert

Gordon

et al. 2009

Clinical medicine. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

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Purpose: To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods:The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Strength (p Ͻ 0.05), mCSA (p Ͻ 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p Ͻ 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ± 15.30% vs. 42.67 ± 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ± 7.98% vs. 19.17 ± 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ± 15.76 vs. 19.67 ± 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ± 19.45% vs. 32.87 ± 15.66% p Ͻ 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ± 6.29% vs. 14.72 ± 7.28% p Ͻ 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ± 18.33% vs. 16.30 ± 15.59% p Ͻ.02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ± 12.92% vs. 29.17 ± 21.8% p Ͻ.02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ± 25.73 vs. 29.17 ± 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ± .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ± .08 kg/cm p Ͻ.02 respectively). Conclusion:Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.

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Self-Paced Resistance Training and Walking Exercise in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Effects on Neuromotor Performance

Cited by 137 publications

References 29 publications

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

A qualitative analysis of the benefits of strength training for young people with cerebral palsy

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

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