“…For this purpose, the robust quantitative measure is necessary to evaluate the phenomenon of perceived discrimination in Pakistan. To our knowledge there are no instruments available in Pakistan to measure perceived discrimination, however there are some measures of perceived discrimination available in other cultures like Belgium (De Waele &Pauwels, 2014); Brazil (Bastos et al, 2022); Spain (Molero et al, 2013); America (Chan et al, 2012). All these measures of perceived discrimination gauge this phenomenon according to their own cultural context.…”