Self‐Powered and Light‐Adaptable Stretchable Electrochromic Display

Abstract

A stretchable electrochromic display with a self‐powered feature is an attractive concept in addressing the demands of information visualization and interaction without an external power supply for next‐generation wearable and portable electronics. Herein, a self‐powered stretchable electrochromic display is proposed for the first time, with WO3 on the stretchable conductor as the electrochromic electrode integrated in parallel with the Zn/carbon electrodes and topped with a ZnCl2‐based organohydrogel. This geometrically designed electrochromic device can be self‐colored by the chemical potential gap between WO3/Zn electrodes. The self‐bleaching process caused by the oxidation of the reduced WO3 electrode is facilitated by the leakage current between the WO3/carbon electrodes. In this constructed self‐powered system, the electrochromic electrode shows reversible coloring/bleaching performance up to 50% strain and maintains favorable stability with power‐free reversible electrochemical switching for 400 cycles. Optical contrast retention at 81% is maintained for 200 stretching/recovery cycles. The prepared device combined with a phosphorescent substrate is demonstrated as a light‐adaptable stretchable display, where the “on/off” states of the display are shown in both bright and dark conditions without power consumption. This work provides broad application prospects for futuristic multifunctional stretchable and portable display electronics.

Inhibiting Vanadium Dissolution of Potassium Vanadate for Stable Transparent Electrochromic Displays

“…[3] Recently, nonemissive electrochromic displays have attracted growing interest in both industry and academia, due to their insensitive viewing angle behavior, capability of retaining colored states without the need for external electrical power, and eye protection functionality. [1,4,5] Nonetheless, the limited color range of a single electrochromic material has restricted the widespread acceptance of electrochromic displays, such that electrochromic displays exhibiting a richer color palette remain a great challenge within the electrochromic community.…”

Highly Stable Poly(o-methoxyaniline)/WO3-Nanoflower Composite-Based Electrochromic Supercapacitors with Real-Time Charge Indication

“…They are classified into two categories based on their charge storage mechanism: electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and electrochemical capacitors, often called pseudocapacitors, which offer a higher capacitance than the former due to additional Faradaic reactions at the electrode surface. , Supercapacitors have lately been given more functionality, such as flexibility, portability, self-powering, and color-indicating charge–discharge mechanisms, making them more practical, eco-friendly, and user-friendly devices. − Especially the supercapacitors with a color-changing feature, which are called electrochromic supercapcitors, are very useful from a consumer perspective, which provides information about the device charging status. To date, electrochromism is being utilized in various fields like displays, smart windows, , and camouflage . The rapid development of highly integrated electronic devices has introduced various functionalizations of electrochromism.…”

“…3−11 Especially the supercapacitors with a color-changing feature, which are called electrochromic supercapcitors, are very useful from a consumer perspective, which provides information about the device charging status. To date, electrochromism is being utilized in various fields like displays, 12 smart windows, 13,14 and camouflage. 15 The rapid development of highly integrated electronic devices has introduced various functionalizations of electrochromism.…”

Design Strategies for High Reflectivity Contrast and Stability Adaptive Camouflage Electrochromic Supercapacitors

“…Electrochromism (EC) refers to the phenomenon that after the external electric potential signal is applied to it, the material produces the reversible redox reaction to make its optical properties (reflectivity, transmittance, and absorption) change reversibly. − In addition, EC technology is an active color change technology that can achieve the desired color expression through active potential signals, and thus, it has potential applications in the field of adaptive camouflage. , However, applying EC technology to the field of camouflage remains a formidable challenge, specifically in terms of (i) adaptive camouflage in the visible region requiring EC materials to change their colors with the color of the external environment; (ii) the device needs for high reflectivity for better camouflage; and (iii) excellent cycling stability of the device. To create an effective adaptive camouflage, particularly for a yellow-green adaptive camouflage device, the development of superior EC materials and device design strategies is essential.…”