“…Realized or not, it is also one of the key elements in traditional macro-welding technologies. Recently, this is being widely used in micro-and nanoscales to develop new joining processes, ranging from nanodevices [28] to electronic packaging [29,30], soldering [31] to light alloy (Ti, Al) [32,33], and high-strength steel joining [34]. The goal of design strategy is to meet the performance requirements of as-fabricated joints through the proper determination of the necessary number of IMCs, layered structures, phases, intrinsic properties of used materials (e.g., hardness, grain size, etc.…”