Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench

Li, Guorui; Chen, Xiangping; Zhou, Fanghao; Liang, Ye; Xiao, Youhua; Cao, Xunuo; Zhang, Zhen; Zhang, Mingqi; Wu, Baosheng; Yin, Shunyu; Xu, Yi; Fan, H.; Chen, Zheng; Song, Wei; Yang, Wenjing; Pan, Binbin; Hou, Jian; Zou, Weifeng; He, Shunping; Yang, Xuxu; Mao, Guoyong; Jia, Zheng; Zhou, Haofei; Li, Tiefeng; Qu, Shaoxing; Xu, Zhongbin; Huang, Zhiyi; Luo, Yingwu; Xie, Tao; Gu, Jason; Zhu, Shiqiang; Yang, Wei

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03153-z

Cited by 737 publications

(383 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[ 1–3 ] Due to the unique combination of solid and liquid properties, hydrogels have drawn great attention from widespread areas, including tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. [ 4–11 ] However, conventional hydrogels with high water content (larger than 90 wt%) are usually mechanically weak, severely hampering the applications. [ 12,13 ] To overcome such obstacle, several strategies have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Huang

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

135

126

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Despite existing in biological systems, developing synthetic polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels constructed by both ionic and metal–ligand bonds remains challenging. Herein, a simple secondary equilibrium approach is proposed to fabricate strong and tough PA hydrogels via the synergy of ionic and metal–ligand bonds. The original PA gels (constructed by ionic bonds) are first dialyzed in multivalent metal‐ion solutions to reach a swelling equilibrium and then moved to deionized water to dialyze excess free ions to achieve a new equilibrium. Through this approach, the original PA gel network can be optimized and eventually constructed by ionic and metal–ligand bonds, enabling a synergistic reinforcement. By selecting different original PA gel systems and diverse multivalent metal‐ions, the proposed approach is proved to be generalizable to fabricate strong and tough PA gels. Additionally, the hydrogels have stable ion‐conductivity even at the water‐equilibrium state, making them promising as strain sensors. The viscoelastic and elastic contributions to the mechanical properties of the hydrogels by a viscoelastic model are also discussed to further understand the strengthening and toughening mechanisms. The proposed strategy is simple but effective for achieving strong and tough PA‐based hydrogels. This study also provides new insights for PA hydrogels in electrolyte environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Huang

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

135

126

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show abstract

“…The grand challenge lies in achieving self-powered so robots with high mobility, environmental tolerance, and long endurance. Tiefeng Li & Zhilong Huang et al 136,137 developed a so electronic sh with a fully integrated onboard system for power and remote control. Without any motor, the sh is driven solely by a so electroactive structure made of dielectric elastomer and ionically conductive hydrogel, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Biomimetic Motions Of Aquatic So Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress of biomimetic motions—from microscopic micro/nanomotors to macroscopic actuators and soft robotics

Zeng

Jiang

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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“… 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 Consequently, ERAs hold great promise for developing e-skins, soft robots, unmanned flight, and in vivo surgery devices. 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 According to different working mechanisms, ERAs can be classified into four kinds, including (1) electrostatic actuation, such as dielectric elastomer actuators, piezoelectric actuators, based on charge interactions 34 , 35 , 36 ; (2) electrothermal actuation that makes use of Joule heating effect induced asymmetric thermal expansion between bi-/multilayer structures 37 , 38 , 39 ; (3) ionic actuation that works through anions/cations induced asymmetric volume change of electrode layers 40 , 41 , 42 ; and (4) electro-hydraulic actuation that integrated power electronics and motor drive. 43 , 44 , 45 Generally, the structure of ERAs is simple, consisting of electrodes, electro-responsive materials, and coupled deformable materials/substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-responsive actuators based on graphene

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

The Innovation

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Electro-responsive actuators (ERAs) hold great promise for cutting-edge applications in e-skins, soft robots, unmanned flight, and in vivo surgery devices due to the advantages of fast response, precise control, programmable deformation, and the ease of integration with control circuits. Recently, considering the excellent physical/chemical/mechanical properties (e.g., high carrier mobility, strong mechanical strength, outstanding thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, flexibility, and transparency), graphene and its derivatives have emerged as an appealing material in developing ERAs. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in graphene-based ERAs. Typical the working mechanisms of graphene ERAs have been introduced. Design principles and working performance of three typical types of graphene ERAs (e.g., electrostatic actuators, electrothermal actuators, and ionic actuators) have been comprehensively summarized. Besides, emerging applications of graphene ERAs, including artificial muscles, bionic robots, human-soft actuators interaction, and other smart devices, have been reviewed. At last, the current challenges and future perspectives of graphene ERAs are discussed.

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Self-powered soft robot in the Mariana Trench

Cited by 737 publications

References 51 publications

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Recent progress of biomimetic motions—from microscopic micro/nanomotors to macroscopic actuators and soft robotics

Electro-responsive actuators based on graphene

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