Self-Propulsion Strategies for Artificial Cell-Like Compartments

Santiago, Ibon; Simmel, Friedrich C.

doi:10.3390/nano9121680

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Only a handful of studies have been reported using liposomes to achieve directional/active motion, 20 however. Taking a biohybrid approach, Kurakazu and co-workers attached flagella of Chlamydomonas, a biflagellate unicellular alga, to microsized liposomes, which display enhanced diffusion in the presence of ATP.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Free Liposome Active Motion via Asymmetrical Lipid Efflux

2022

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As a class of biocompatible, water-dispersed colloids, liposomes have found widespread applications ranging from food to drug delivery. Adding mobility to these colloids, i.e., liposome micromotors, represents an attractive approach to next-generation liposome carriers with enhanced functionality and effectiveness. Currently, it remains unclear as to the scope of material features useful for building liposome micromotors or how they may differ functionally from their inorganic/polymer counterparts. In this work, we demonstrate liposome active motion taking advantage of mainly a pair of intrinsic material properties associated with these assemblies: lipid phase separation and extraction. We show that global phase separation of ternary lipid systems (such as DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol) within individual liposomes yields stable Janus particles with two distinctive liquid domains. While these anisotropic liposomes undergo pure Brownian diffusion in water, similar to their homogeneous analogues, adding extracting agents, cyclodextrins, to the system triggers asymmetrical cholesterol efflux about the liposomes, setting the latter into active motion. We present detailed analyses of liposome movement and cholesterol extraction kinetics to establish their correlation. We explore various experimental parameters as well as mechanistic details to account for such motion. Our results highlight the rich possibility to hierarchically design lipid-based artificial motors, from individual lipids, to their organization, surface chemistry, and interfacial mechanics.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Free Liposome Active Motion via Asymmetrical Lipid Efflux

2022

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“…Afterwards, we simulated with the neighboring parameter values to investigate how PFKL condensates formation was affected by. Second, to estimate a friction coefficient, we surveyed a range of propulsion velocity of various biomolecules as in the order of 10~10 3 𝜇𝜇𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 −1 (Feng and Gilson, 2019;Jee et al, 2018;Santiago and Simmel, 2019). At the same time, some enzymes appear to show moderate to least amount of self-propulsion so that they were observed to move with a speed in a range of 0.1~2.5 𝜇𝜇𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 −1 (Arque et al, 2019).…”

Section: Parameter Estimation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights of glucosome condensate formation by stochastic modeling approaches

Kang

Nguyễn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Human liver-type phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKL) has been shown to play a scaffolder role to recruit and organize glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes into a multienzyme metabolic condensate, the glucosome, that regulates glucose flux in living human cells. However, it has been challenging to characterize which factors control phase separation of PFKL and so glucosome condensates in a living cell, thus hampering to understand a mechanism of reversible glucosome formation and its functional contribution to human cells. In this work, we developed a stochastic model in silico using the principal of Langevin dynamics to investigate how biological properties of PFKL contribute to the formation of glucosome condensates. Molecular dynamics simulation using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) revealed the importance of an intermolecular interaction between PFKLs, an effective concentration of PFKL at a region of interest, and a pre-organization of its own self-assembly in formation of PFKL condensates and control of their sizes. Such biological properties that define intracellular dynamics of PFKL appear to be essential for phase separation of PFKL and thus formation of glucosome condensates. Collectively, our computational study provides mechanistic insights of glucosome formation, particularly an initiation step through the formation of PFKL condensates in living human cells.

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“…Self-propelled micro/nanomotors are molecular machines that convert external energy to mechanical motion. − The motors have attracted attention for constructing artificial micro/nanorobots for various applications such as biomedicines, − sensing, and molecular robotics. − Various external stimuli have been used for motor propulsion, including chemical reactions, , magnetic fields, ,, electric fields, , ultrasound, ,, and light. − Light is an attractive energy source because of the facile manipulation of ON/OFF switching, energy input, and direction. − In nature, several micro-organisms can be known as phototaxis, a form of locomotory movement based on sensing the direction of light and either swimming toward (positive phototaxis) or away (negative phototaxis) from the light source . For instance, Chlamydomonas is a unicellular photosynthetic alga that shows both positive and negative phototaxis using a complex light detection system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Propulsion of DNA Microspheres Based on Light-Induced Asymmetric Growth of Peptide Nanofibers

Inaba

Hatta

Matsuura

2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Inspired by natural motors, synthetic motors powered by light have emerged as promising platforms for constructing artificial micro/nanorobots. As a concept of lightdriven motors, we have previously reported propulsion of giant liposomes driven by light-induced peptide nanofiber growth on the surface, inspired by natural pathogens using external actin polymerization for their propulsion. However, their movement was nondirectional. Here, we used DNA microspheres (also known as nucleospheres) comprising DNA three-way junctions with selfcomplementary sticky ends as vehicles for directional propulsion by light-induced peptide nanofiber growth. By introducing a peptide− DNA conjugate connected by a photocleavage unit to the surface of nucleospheres, ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation induced the asymmetric peptide nanofiber growth on the surface. Nucleospheres exhibited directional movement away from the light source, showing negative phototaxis. This directional movement was maintained even after the light irradiation was ceased. Our phototactic system helps to better understand the mechanism of natural motors and construct bioinspired motors with controlled movement.

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Self-Propulsion Strategies for Artificial Cell-Like Compartments

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

Enzyme-Free Liposome Active Motion via Asymmetrical Lipid Efflux

Enzyme-Free Liposome Active Motion via Asymmetrical Lipid Efflux

Mechanistic insights of glucosome condensate formation by stochastic modeling approaches

Directional Propulsion of DNA Microspheres Based on Light-Induced Asymmetric Growth of Peptide Nanofibers

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