Self-Rated Health and Relative Socioeconomic Deprivation in the Palestinian Refugee Communities of Lebanon

Habib, Rima R.; Hojeij, Safa; Elzein, Kareem; Chaaban, Jad

doi:10.1007/s10903-019-00869-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These daily stressors, while not necessarily framed in terms of deprivation, contain considerable overlap with conceptualizations of deprivation, especially in terms of poverty and living conditions. The literature discussing the relation between deprivation and mental health is sparse in low-income settings and particularly in conflict-affected areas [21,22]. Two studies discuss the relation between deprivation and health outcomes among Palestinians living in refugee camps in Lebanon.…”

Section: Deprivation and Mental Health In Conflict Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies discuss the relation between deprivation and health outcomes among Palestinians living in refugee camps in Lebanon. One study highlights that material deprivation based on objective measures can predict poor self-rated health among Palestinian refugees [22], while the other study emphasizes that relative deprivation, and not the absolute measures of socioeconomic status, is a strong predictor of both self-rated health and self-reported chronic diseases among Palestinian refugee women [21]. Likewise, evidence from a study conducted with Syrian refugees living in Jordan shows that experiencing employment deprivation can negatively impact their health [23].…”

Section: Deprivation and Mental Health In Conflict Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mental health impact of multiple deprivations under protracted conflict: A multi-level study in the occupied Palestinian territory

Hammoudeh

Mitwalli

Kafri

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Building on the literatures examining the impacts of deprivation and war and conflict on mental health, in this study, we investigate the impact of different forms of deprivation on mental health within a context of prolonged conflict in the occupied Palestinian territory(oPt). We expand the operationalization go deprivation while accounting for more acute exposures to conflict and political violence and spatial variations. We use multilevel modelling of data from the Socio-Economic & Food Security Survey 2014 conducted by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, which included a sample size of 7827 households in the West Bank(WB) and Gaza Strip(GS). We conduct the analysis for the combined sample, as for the WB and GS separately. We use a General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ12) score as our main outcome measure of poor health. We used various measures of deprivation including subjective deprivation, material deprivation, food deprivation, and political deprivation. In addition to the different measures of deprivation, we included acute political, health, and economic shocks in our analysis along with background socio-demographic characteristics. The results indicate significant variance at the locality level. We find a significant association between poor mental health and subjective, economic, political, and food deprivation; health, economic, and political stressors; age, and being a woman. Post-secondary education and wealth have a significant inverse association with poor mental health. Subjective deprivation is the strongest predictor of GHQ12 score in the models whereby people who feel very deprived have GHQ12 scores that are almost 4-points higher than people who do not feel deprived. Economic conditions, particularly subjective measures, are significant predictors of mental health status. Our findings confirm that political and social factors are determinants of health. Feeling deprived is an important determinant of mental health. The community effect suggests that spatial characteristics are influencing mental health, and warrant further investigation.

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Section: Deprivation and Mental Health In Conflict Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deprivation and Mental Health In Conflict Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental health impact of multiple deprivations under protracted conflict: A multi-level study in the occupied Palestinian territory

Hammoudeh

Mitwalli

Kafri

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…They are exposed to an excessive burden of disease caused by the consequences of trauma, conflict, violence, occupation, displacement, poverty and environmental determinants of health (congested living space, poor sanitation) which jeopardize their health outcomes and wellbeing ( Habib et al., 2012 ; Habib, Hojeij, Elzein, Chaaban & Seyfert, 2014 ; Habib, Hojeij, Elzein & Chaaban, 2019 ; Kitamura et al., 2018 ). Reported multi-morbidities experienced by Palestinian refugees include high rates of chronic illness such as hypertension, cancer and diabetes, mental health (including substance use) and respiratory disorders, malnutrition and blood borne viruses (HIV/Hepatitis C) ( Al‐ Krenawi, Lev‐Wiesel & Mahmud, 2007 ; Al-Afifi, Sakka, Shehada & Afifi, 2015 ; Habib et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Viewpointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health imperatives in countering drug related health threats and vulnerabilities in contemporary Palestinian refugee camps

Hout

Aaraj²,

Maalouf

2020

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…In 2019, more than one-third of HIV infections in the MENA region were reported among PWID (UNAIDS, 2020 ). Refugees and displaced populations face chronic and inter-generational health disparities (Habib et al, 2012 ; Habib et al, 2014 ; Habib et al, 2019 ; Kitamura et al, 2018 ; MENAHRA, 2021 ; Van Hout et al, 2020 ), and are an identified key population in the current Middle East and North African Harm Reduction Association (MENAHRA) situation assessment on drugs and harm reduction in the MENA region (MENAHRA, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United Nations Relief Words Agency for the Near East (UNRWA) that operates these camps, and other international aid agencies have reduced reconstruction, and health, education and social services in recent years, despite the rise in camp population. This has resulted in an excessive burden of disease due to trauma, displacement, poverty, malnutrition, violence and congested camp conditions (Habib et al, 2012 , 2014 , 2019 ; Kitamura et al, 2018 ). Multi-morbidities include cancers, cardiovascular, respiratory and mental health disorders, substance abuse and HIV, hepatitis B and C (Habib et al, 2012 , 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Responding to Substance Use and Abuse in the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon Prior to and During COVID-19 Times

Aaraj¹,

Haddad²,

Khalife³

et al. 2021

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Due to its geographical proximity to the Syrian conflict and the occupied territories, Lebanon has experienced an influx of refugees in recent times. Palestinian refugees are an identified key vulnerable population, with displaced communities increasingly experiencing camp insecurity, vulnerability to drug use and related health harms. A qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) was undertaken as part of a regional exercise investigating Palestinian community experiences of substance and drug use in refugee camps. Thematic analysis triangulated the perspectives of 11 professional stakeholders representing United Nations, human rights and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and eight Palestinian community members. Emerging themes centered on the interplay between socio-economic instability, lack of law enforcement and camp governance contributing to concerning levels of familial, drug and camp violence, trafficking and availability of drugs. Transactional sex and the exploitation of women and children in drug dealing, diversification toward drug manufacture and dealing of drugs with the outside community were described. There is a lack of harm reduction and rehabilitation supports for those in need. This study highlights the complexities in tackling drug dealing and related criminal activity within refugee camps and humanitarian settings, and the vulnerabilities of those living within to harmful drug use.

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Self-Rated Health and Relative Socioeconomic Deprivation in the Palestinian Refugee Communities of Lebanon

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

The mental health impact of multiple deprivations under protracted conflict: A multi-level study in the occupied Palestinian territory

The mental health impact of multiple deprivations under protracted conflict: A multi-level study in the occupied Palestinian territory

Public health imperatives in countering drug related health threats and vulnerabilities in contemporary Palestinian refugee camps

Understanding and Responding to Substance Use and Abuse in the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Lebanon Prior to and During COVID-19 Times

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