Aiming at the problem of control delay and inductance deviation, which exist in the traditional deadbeat control of the full-bridge circuit, an improved deadbeat control strategy was proposed. An improved Newton interpolation prediction algorithm was proposed to compensate the delay problem of deadbeat control, and an on-line inductance identification algorithm based on double frequency sampling was proposed to correct the inductance deviation. A mathematical model of deadbeat control for full-bridge inverter was established; besides, the performance of different interpolation prediction algorithms was analyzed. An online inductor identification model is established, on the basis of which the online inductance identification compensation formula is derived. It is indicated that an output constant current of 10 A is available with the deadbeat control relative error of only 0.2%, the grid-connected power factor up to 0.999, and the output current’s total harmonic distortion of only 2.37%. The prototype experiment shows that the output current’s total harmonic distortion is as low as 2.403% and the power factor is as high as 0.998. The results show that the improved deadbeat control strategy can effectively improve the control accuracy and the quality of grid-connected power.