Self-recovering dual cross-linked hydrogels based on bioorthogonal click chemistry and ionic interactions

Abstract

The biocompatible, injectable and high water-swollen nature of dual cross-linked hydrogels makes them a popular candidate to imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue engineering both in vitro and in vivo.

Click chemistry for 3D bioprinting

“…o60 s). 40 This rapid gelation rate facilitates the application of injectable hydrogel formulations to repair tissue defects. Since there is no copper catalyst involved in the reaction, SPAAC effectively avoids cytotoxicity and is suitable for cell encapsulation in the hydrogel.…”

“…<60 s). 40 This rapid gelation rate facilitates the application of injectable hydrogel formulations to repair tissue defects.…”

Click Chemistry Hydrogels for Extrusion Bioprinting: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

“…91 The slower gelation typically observed with SPAAC can also be addressed by combining SPAAC with faster physical or chemical gelation strategies. For example, Zhan et al demonstrated that dual-cross-linked PEG hydrogels cross-linked with both SPAAC click chemistry and ionic calcium phosphonate bonds could enable gelation times of <1 min coupled with enhanced mechanical strength and retained biocompatibility, 92 while Brown et al combined SPAAC click chemistry with on-demand photo-cross-linking to simulate muscle stiffening with age or disease. 93 However, the drawbacks of both ionic cross-linking and photo-cross-linking are both reintroduced (at least in part) through such approaches.…”

Putting precision and elegance in enzyme immobilisation with bio-orthogonal chemistry

“…[59][60][61][62] However, the definition of bio-orthogonal chemistry has been gradually expanded to include chemical reactions in vitro as applied in the materials science and medical science. [63][64][65] This review focuses on biomolecule-mediated covalent ligation using a variety of so-called Tag/Catcher systems, enzyme-mediated ligation, incorporation of non-standard amino acids and tyrosine-mediated oxidation ligation for bioorthogonal immobilisation.…”

“…59–62 However, the definition of bio-orthogonal chemistry has been gradually expanded to include chemical reactions in vitro as applied in the materials science and medical science. 63–65…”