Self-recovery scheme for audio restoration using auditory masking

Abstract

Self-recovery schemes identify and restore tampering, using as a reference a compressed representation of a signal embedded into itself. In addition, audio self-recovery must comply with a transparency threshold, adequate for applications such as on-line music distribution or speech transmission. In this manuscript, an audio self-recovery scheme is proposed. Auditory masking properties of the signals are used to determine the frequencies that better mask the embedding distortion. Frequencies in the Fourier domain are mapped to the intDCT domain for embedding and extraction of reference bits for signal restoration. The contribution of this work is the use of auditory masking properties for the frequency selection and the mapping to the intDCT domain. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme satisfies a threshold of -2 ODG, suitable for audio applications. The efficacy of the scheme, in terms of its restoration capabilities, is also shown.

A Survey on Reversible Watermarking for Multimedia Content: A Robustness Overview

“…This method, as well as the previous one performs the restoration of tampered areas in an iterative manner, where the first iterations yield approximate restoration, but as the iterations increase so does the restoration quality. In [99] a self-recovery scheme for audio signals is presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort in the literature to propose such a scheme for audio signals.…”

“…Later, a master's thesis [113] follows the construction proposed by [112] and implements several combinations of fragile reversible watermarking schemes and three self-recovery schemes for images with perfect restoration, presented in Table 7. Later, a PhD thesis implements this kind of framework for audio signals; a reversible watermarking scheme for audio [115] and a self-recovery scheme for audio [99] had to be designed to complete the framework.…”

Hybrid Blind Audio Watermarking for Proprietary Protection, Tamper Proofing, and Self-Recovery

“…The scheme in [42] involves embedding the control bits for self-recovery in the integer discrete cosine transform (intDCT) domain and then adopts a compressive sensing technique to retrieve the tampered intDCT coefficients. In a subsequent development [43], the auditory masking properties are employed to select suitable intDCT coefficients for watermark embedding. For those schemes in [41]- [43], tampering detection and signal recovery require that the size of the replaced segment remain unchanged; however, the replaced segment is often a different size.…”

“…In a subsequent development [43], the auditory masking properties are employed to select suitable intDCT coefficients for watermark embedding. For those schemes in [41]- [43], tampering detection and signal recovery require that the size of the replaced segment remain unchanged; however, the replaced segment is often a different size. The scheme in [44] uses a synchronization strategy to overcome the size discrepancy problem; however, the overall approach is somewhat simplistic.…”