Self-Report and Ocular Measures of Fatigue in U.S. Army Apache Aviators Following Flight

LeDuc, Patricia A.; Greig, Joanna L.; Dumond, Shannen L

doi:10.21236/ada434859

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The FIT (PMI, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) is a commercial, off-the-shelf, screening device designed to assess oculometrics (i.e., eye movements and pupillometry) as a sign of neurological changes associated with drugs, alcohol, sleepiness, or other neurological deficits that express themselves in the reflexive oculomotor behavior of the eye ( 17 , 18 , 20 , 29 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, instrumentation to measure a pupil’s response to light flashes, and the eye’s ballistic movements, saccades, was integrated into a device designed to screen for physiological impairments due to fatigue, sleep deprivation, drug and alcohol intoxication, and other physiological stressors ( 16 – 21 ). The device, the Functional Impairment Tester (FIT), measures ocular motility along four dimensions: pupil diameter in the dark, the latency of the pupil’s response to flashes of light, the pupil’s amplitude of constriction, and the eye’s saccadic velocity ( 17 , 18 , 20 ). The literature reports that these dimensions of the pupil, i.e., the pupillary light reflex ( 22 ) and the eye’s saccadic behavior ( 12 ), can be affected by mTBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Peripheral Pulse Oximetry during Normobaric Hypoxia

2016

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IntroductionPhysiological and emotional stressors increase symptoms of concussion in recently injured individuals and both forms of stress-induced symptoms in people recovering from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but who are asymptomatic when not stressed or are at rest.MethodsHealthy asymptomatic adults (25.0 ± 5.1 years) with a history of mTBI (n = 36) and matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 36) with no mTBI history were exposed to three levels of normobaric hypoxic stress generated with the Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD) (Environics, Inc., Tollande, CT, USA), which reduced the percent O2 by mixing sea level air with nitrogen. The ROBD reduced the percent O2 in the breathable air from the normal 21% to 15.5% O2, 14% O2, and 13% O2. Under these conditions: (a) a standard pulse oximeter recorded peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate (beats per minute) and (b) the Functional Impairment Tester (FIT) (PMI, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) recorded saccadic velocity and pupillary response dynamics to a brief light flash.ResultsFor all three hypoxic stress conditions, the mTBI group had significantly higher SpO2 during the final minute of exposure than did the controls [F(2.17,151.8) = 5.29, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.852] and the rate of SpO2 change over time was significantly shallower for the mTBI than for the controls [F(2.3,161.3) = 2.863, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.569], Greenhouse–Geisser corrected. Overall, mTBI had lower pulse rate but the difference was only significant for the 14% O2 condition. FIT oculomotor measures were not sensitive to group differences. When exposed to mild or moderate normobaric hypoxic stress (15% O2): (1) SpO2 differences emerged between the mTBI and matched HC groups, (2) heart rate trended lower in the mTBI group, and (3) FIT measures were not sensitive to group differences.ConclusionA relatively minor hypoxic challenge can reveal measurable differences in SpO2 and heart rate in otherwise asymptomatic individuals with a history of mTBI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Peripheral Pulse Oximetry during Normobaric Hypoxia

2016

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Exploration of the effects of task-related fatigue on eye-motion features and its value in improving driver fatigue-related technology

Lodewijks

2021

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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Multimodal Analysis of Eye Movements and Fatigue in a Simulated Glass Cockpit Environment

et al. 2021

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Pilot fatigue is a critical reason for aviation accidents related to human errors. Human-related accidents might be reduced if the pilots’ eye movement measures can be leveraged to predict fatigue. Eye tracking can be a non-intrusive viable approach that does not require the pilots to pause their current task, and the device does not need to be in direct contact with the pilots. In this study, the positive or negative correlations among the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) measures (i.e., reaction times, number of false alarms, and number of lapses) and eye movement measures (i.e., pupil size, eye fixation number, eye fixation duration, visual entropy) were investigated. Then, fatigue predictive models were developed to predict fatigue using eye movement measures identified through forward and backward stepwise regressions. The proposed approach was implemented in a simulated short-haul multiphase flight mission involving novice and expert pilots. The results showed that the correlations among the measures were different based on expertise (i.e., novices vs. experts); thus, two predictive models were developed accordingly. In addition, the results from the regressions showed that either a single or a subset of the eye movement measures might be sufficient to predict fatigue. The results show the promise of using non-intrusive eye movements as an indicator for fatigue prediction and provides a foundation that can lead us closer to developing a near real-time warning system to prevent critical accidents.

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Self-Report and Ocular Measures of Fatigue in U.S. Army Apache Aviators Following Flight

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

A History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Peripheral Pulse Oximetry during Normobaric Hypoxia

A History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Peripheral Pulse Oximetry during Normobaric Hypoxia

Exploration of the effects of task-related fatigue on eye-motion features and its value in improving driver fatigue-related technology

Multimodal Analysis of Eye Movements and Fatigue in a Simulated Glass Cockpit Environment

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