Self-report screening instruments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of traumatic experiences

Sijbrandij, Marit; Reitsma, Johannes B.; Roberts, Neil P.; Engelhard, Iris M.; Olff, Miranda; Sonneveld, Liza P.; Bisson, Jonathan I.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010575

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although research on prevention is lagging behind curative intervention studies, there are interesting developments in the area of early interventions ranging from e-health to neurobiology (Olff, Van Zuiden, & Bakker, 2015 ). For instance, approximately 20% of traumatized emergency department (ED) admitted individuals develop adverse mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, and screening shortly after trauma may help to identify individuals at high risk for adverse outcomes and target preventive (online) interventions selectively (Mouthaan, Sijbrandij, Reitsma, Gersons, & Olff, 2014 ; Sijbrandij et al, 2013 ). Although literature is scarce, several studies have shown that with a short early intervention, prevention of adverse outcomes is possible (Brunet, Bousquet Des Groseilliers, Cordova, & Ruzek, 2013 ; Mouthaan et al, 2013 ; Rothbaum et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Public Health Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: a rationale and a call to action

Magruder

Kassam‐Adams

Thoresen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundThe field of trauma and traumatic stress is dominated by studies on treatments for those who experience adversity from traumatic experiences. While this is important, we should not neglect the opportunity to consider trauma in a public health perspective. Such a perspective will help to develop prevention approaches as well as extend the reach of early interventions and treatments. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to a public health approach to trauma and traumatic stress and identify key opportunities for trauma professionals and our professional societies (such as the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ISTSS] and the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies [ESTSS]) to increase our societal impact by adopting such an approach.MethodThis paper reviews and summarizes key findings related to the public health impact of trauma. The special case of children is explored, and a case example of the Norwegian terrorist attacks in 2011 illustrates the potential for improving our response to community level traumatic events. We also discuss how professional organizations such as ESTSS and ISTSS, as well as individual trauma professionals, can and should play an important role in promoting a public health approach.ResultsTrauma is pervasive throughout the world and has negative impacts at the personal, family, community, and societal levels. A public health perspective may help to develop prevention approaches at all of these levels, as well as extend the reach of early interventions and treatments.ConclusionsProfessional organizations such as ESTSS and ISTSS can and should play an important role in promoting a public health approach. They should promote the inclusion of trauma in the global public health agenda and include public health in their activities.

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Section: Public Health Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: a rationale and a call to action

Magruder

Kassam‐Adams

Thoresen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

Self Cite

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“…The ability to accurately screen for and diagnose PTSD, however, remains challenging (Shalev, Liberzon, & Marmar, 2017). There are numerous self-report screening tools (Sijbrandij et al, 2013) and several clinician-administered interview protocols (Blake et al, 1995;Foa & Tolin, 2000;Weathers et al, 2017). The gold-standard for diagnosing PTSD is the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; Blake et al, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Speech‐based markers for posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans

et al. 2019

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Background: The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is usually based on clinical interviews or self-report measures. Both approaches are subject to underand over-reporting of symptoms. An objective test is lacking. We have developed a classifier of PTSD based on objective speech-marker features that discriminate PTSD cases from controls.Methods: Speech samples were obtained from warzone-exposed veterans, 52 cases with PTSD and 77 controls, assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale.Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) were excluded. Audio recordings of clinical interviews were used to obtain 40,526 speech features which were input to a random forest (RF) algorithm. Results:The selected RF used 18 speech features and the receiver operating characteristic curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.954. At a probability of PTSD cut point of 0.423, Youden's index was 0.787, and overall correct classification rate was 89.1%. The probability of PTSD was higher for markers that indicated slower, more monotonous speech, less change in tonality, and less activation.Depression symptoms, alcohol use disorder, and TBI did not meet statistical tests to be considered confounders.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a speech-based algorithm can objectively differentiate PTSD cases from controls. The RF classifier had a high AUC. Further validation in an independent sample and appraisal of the classifier to identify those with MDD only compared with those with PTSD comorbid with MDD is required. K E Y W O R D S biomarkers, diagnostics, feature extraction, military, posttraumatic stress disorder, speechbased assessment, veterans

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“…The use of self-report instruments has been proposed to recognize patients who are likely to develop PTSD following traumatic events [20]. The IES-R has been used with reasonable accuracy in both clinical and in large scale research studies to identify patients with PTSD [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries on the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nayak

Kamath

Roy

et al. 2021

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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Objective: To assess the influence of oral and maxillofacial trauma on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to determine the efficiency of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) as a diagnostic tool for detecting PTSD in patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries. Material and Methods: PTSD was assessed one month postoperatively by the diagnostic instrument, IES-R, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. A structured clinician-administered PTSD Scale then assessed the patients for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (CAPS-5) to establish a final diagnosis. The assessment of the severity of PTSD was done based on various types of oral and maxillofacial injuries. Results: The IES-R scale provisionally diagnosed 54 subjects with PTSD, out of which 42 were diagnosed to have PTSD by the CAPS-5 scale. Subjects with injuries involving the 'orbital complex,' those presenting with a perceptible scar in the maxillofacial region and with multiple avulsed/ luxated anterior teeth, showed a higher affinity to develop PTSD, and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher levels of PTSD in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and hence the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard. The IES-R is a useful diagnostic tool to detect PTSD early.

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Self-report screening instruments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in survivors of traumatic experiences

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: a rationale and a call to action

Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: a rationale and a call to action

Speech‐based markers for posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans

Effect of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries on the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

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